Composition of milk from Ailuropoda melanoleuca, the giant panda

Gj, Hudson; Bailey, P. G.; John, P. J.; Monsalve, Liliana Salazar; Campo, AL Garcia del; Taylor, DC; Kay, JD

doi:10.1136/vr.115.10.252

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The biggest difference was the average value of lactose. This average was about two times higher than the totals reported in the studies of Liu et al [1996Liu et al [ , 2003 and Fei et al [2001], 10 times higher than those reported by Hudson et al [1984], and a little higher than those reported by Pan et al [1998]. These totals may differ because of measuring methods.…”

Section: Lactosecontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Benzene sulphonic acid used by Pan et al [1998] compares with HLPC used by Liu et al [1996Liu et al [ , 2003. Hudson et al [1984] used gas liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Lactosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies are based on no more than one sample [Lyster, 1976;Hudson et al, 1984;Pan et al, 1998;Fei et al, 2001;Tadashi et al, 2003]. Liu et al [1996, 2003] collected 12 and 10 milk samples from one giant panda after it give birth and determined the content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, lactose, 10 mineral elements, and six vitamins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Composition of captive giant panda milk

Liu

et al. 2005

Zoo Biol.

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Eleven milk samples were collected from three female giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during 23 days after delivery. Concentrations of crude protein (CP), lactose (Lac), and three vitamins (VA, VD, VE) in these samples were tested. Concentration of CP, Lac, VA, VD, and VE of these samples in wet basis averaged 6.7770.78%, 3.2370.54%, 0.07370.043 mg/L, 0.2470.08 mg/L, and 6.7671.01 mg/L, respectively. Results demonstrated that nutrients concentrations of milk samples had no significant difference among different pandas (P40.05). The average content of milk protein between 3-6 days and 7-23 days had significant difference (Po0.01). Results indicate that panda milk is similar to that of other carnivores. It has higher protein but lower lactose than milk in domestic ungulates and humans.

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Section: Lactosecontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Benzene sulphonic acid used by Pan et al [1998] compares with HLPC used by Liu et al [1996Liu et al [ , 2003. Hudson et al [1984] used gas liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Lactosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Composition of captive giant panda milk

Liu

et al. 2005

Zoo Biol.

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“…The other previous studies of giant panda breast milk provided little information about its moisture content [12, 19, 20]. As for breast milk from other animals, bear’s milk has a lower moisture content than giant panda milk [23, 24], while milk from herbivores sometimes exhibits higher moisture levels [14] (Table 7…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Hudson et al. [12] analyzed the protein, fat, ash and moisture content of giant panda breast milk (total volume: 2 m l ) obtained at 8–9 months after delivery in Madrid Zoo. Similarly, Nakamura et al [22] analyzed the carbohydrate, protein, fat, fatty acid, ash and mineral content of a 3-m l sample of panda breast milk acquired at Adventure World (Shirahama, Japan).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) and the preparation of substitutes

Zhang

Hou

Lan

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The first milk substitute for giant panda cubs was developed in 1988 based on limited data about giant panda breast milk and that of certain types of bear. Mixtures of other formulas have also been fed to cubs at some facilities. However, they are not of sufficient nutritional quality for promoting growth in panda cubs. Here, we report analysis of giant panda breast milk and propose new milk substitutes for cubs, which were developed based on the results of our analysis. The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding obtained breast milk samples from three giant pandas. Up to 30 ml of breast milk were collected from each mother by hand. Then, the milk samples were frozen and sent to Nihon University. The levels of protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, moisture, vitamins, minerals, total amino acids, fatty acids, lactose and other carbohydrates in the milk were analyzed. The breast milk samples exhibited the following nutritional values: protein: 6.6–8.5%, fat: 6.9–16.4%, carbohydrates: 2.5–9.1%, ash: 0.9–1.0% and moisture: 67–83%. We designed two kinds of milk substitutes based on the data obtained and the nutritional requirements of dogs, cats and rodents. The nutritional composition of the milk substitutes for the first and second stages was as follows: protein: 38 and 26%, fat: 40 and 40%, carbohydrates: 13 and 25%, ash: 6 and 6% and moisture: 3 and 3%, respectively. In addition, the substitutes contained vitamins, minerals, taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, lactoferrin, nucleotides and other nutrients.

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β-Lactoglobulin

Sawyer¹

2012

Advanced Dairy Chemistry

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Composition of milk from Ailuropoda melanoleuca, the giant panda

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Composition of captive giant panda milk

Composition of captive giant panda milk

Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) and the preparation of substitutes

β-Lactoglobulin

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