No abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota may shape the adaptation of their hosts to different habitats and lifestyles, thereby driving their evolutionary diversification. It remains unknown if gastrointestinal microbiota diverge in congruence with the phylogenetic relationships of their hosts. To evaluate the phylosymbiotic relationships, here we analyzed the compositions of fecal microbiota of seven Cervinae species raised in the Chengdu Zoo. All sampled animals were kept in the same environmental condition and fed identical fodder for years. Results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant in their fecal microbiota. Even though some bacteria (e.g., Ruminococcaceae) were found to be common in the feces of all investigated species, some genera (e.g., Sharpea and Succinivibrio) were only observed in animals with particular digestive systems. As for the intraspecies variations of microbial communities, only a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared among replicates of the same host species although they accounted for most of the total abundance. Correlation was observed between the fecal microbiota divergence and host phylogeny, but they were not congruent completely. This may shed new light on the coevolution of host species and their microbiota.
Golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an endangered primate endemic to china. the lack of standardized genetic markers limits its conservation works. in the present study, a total of 1,400,552 perfect STRs was identified in the reference genome of R. roxellana. By comparing it with the 12 resequencing genomes of four geographical populations, a total of 1,927 loci were identified as perfect tetranucleotides and shared among populations. We randomly selected 74 loci to design primer pairs. By using a total of 64 samples from the Chengdu Zoo captive population and the Pingwu wild population, a set of 14 novel STR loci were identified with good polymorphism, strong stability, high repeatability, low genotyping error rate that were suitable for non-invasive samples. these were used to establish a standardized marker system for golden snub-nosed monkeys. the genetic diversity analysis showed the average H o , H e, and PIC was 0.477, 0.549, and 0.485, respectively, in the Chengdu Zoo population; and 0.516, 0.473, and 0.406, respectively, in Pingwu wild population. Moreover, an individual identification method was established, which could effectively distinguish individuals with seven markers. The paternity tests were conducted on seven offspring with known mothers from two populations, and their fathers were determined with high confidence. A genotyping database for the captive population in the Chengdu Zoo (n = 25) and wild population in Pingwu country (n = 8) was acquired by using this marker system. Golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an endangered Old World Monkey that is endemic to China, and it is currently under the National Protection level I 1,2. Alongside the giant panda, the golden snubnosed monkey is known as 'China's national treasure' and is often cited as one icon of the national biodiversity conservation. These monkeys are threatened by large-scale forest shrinkage and ecological environment deterioration at present. The wild population is estimated at ~ 15-22 thousand in total, and now only occur in three isolate regions of temperate alpine forests: Sichuan-Gansu mountains (~ 66.7%), Qinling mountain (~ 26.6%), and Shennongjia mountain (~ 6.7%) 2. Meanwhile, more than 452 captive individuals were kept in 44 institutions nationwide by the end of 2018 3. Although the international community and the Chinese government have made great efforts to protect this precious species, some urgent issues remain unresolved.
Eleven milk samples were collected from three female giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during 23 days after delivery. Concentrations of crude protein (CP), lactose (Lac), and three vitamins (VA, VD, VE) in these samples were tested. Concentration of CP, Lac, VA, VD, and VE of these samples in wet basis averaged 6.7770.78%, 3.2370.54%, 0.07370.043 mg/L, 0.2470.08 mg/L, and 6.7671.01 mg/L, respectively. Results demonstrated that nutrients concentrations of milk samples had no significant difference among different pandas (P40.05). The average content of milk protein between 3-6 days and 7-23 days had significant difference (Po0.01). Results indicate that panda milk is similar to that of other carnivores. It has higher protein but lower lactose than milk in domestic ungulates and humans.
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