Composition of lignocellulosic surfaces: comments on the interpretation of XPS spectra

Gray, Derek G.; Weller, Morag; Ulkem, Nilgun; Lejeune, Agnès

doi:10.1007/s10570-009-9359-0

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To further understand this effect, the surface lignin content of the lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated using a method adapted by Gray et al (2010) and Chen et al (2015a). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement of carbon and oxygen signals of handsheets made from the unrefined and refined biomass (Table 2) indicated that there was a slight decrease in the calculated surface lignin in the 150 °C refined biomass compared with the ambient temperature refining and the unrefined control.…”

Section: Effect Of Refining Temperature On the Efficiency Of Enzymatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Pilot Scale Mechanical Disk Refining for Improvements in Enzymatic Digestibility of Pretreated Hardwood Lignocellulosics

Jones¹,

Venditti²,

Park³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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Mechanical refining has potential application for overcoming lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to enzyme hydrolysis and improving biomass digestibility. This study highlighted the ability for a pilot scale disc refiner to improve the total carbohydrate conversion to sugars from 39% (unrefined hardwood sodium carbonate biomass) to 90% (0.13 mm gap, 20% consistency, ambient temperature) by optimizing the refining variables. The different biomass properties that changed with refining indicated the expected increase in sugar conversion. Controlling the refining parameters to narrower gaps and higher consistencies increased the resulting refined biomass hydrolysis. Positive correlations that increases in net specific energy (NSE) input and refining intensity (SEL) improved the enzymatic hydrolysis. In some severe cases, over-refining occurred when smaller gaps, higher consistencies, and more energy input reached a point of diminished return. The energy input in these scenarios, however, was much greater than realistically feasible for industrial application. Although well-established in the pulp and paper industry, gaps in understanding the fundamentals of refining remain. The observations and results herein provide the justification and opportunity for further mechanical refining optimization to maximize and adapt the mechanical refining technology for maximum efficiency within the process of biochemical conversion to sugar. Keywords: Hardwood biomass; Biochemical conversion; Pretreatment; Mechanical refining; Enzymatic hydrolysisContact information: Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005 USA; *Corresponding author: richard_venditti@ncsu.edu INTRODUCTION Biorefinery ConceptThe biorefinery concept, defined as "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy," is an approach that can mitigate the negative environmental impacts of fuel and chemical production by providing alternatives to oil refining products (Cherubini 2010).Lignocellulosic biomass is an extremely diverse class of material and has a complex structure composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin naturally constructed in a multifaceted matrix. Understanding the chemical and biochemical challenges based on lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance, which can be defined as the natural resistance to biological deconstruction, remains one of the major technical barriers to the commercialization of second generation cellulosic biorefineries (Zhao et al. 2012). Embracing the challenge as an intentional practice of engineered biomass deconstruction PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Jones et al. (2017). "Mechanical disk refining," BioResources 12(3), 4567-4593. 4568 allows for an opportunity to harvest the inherently useful properties of biomass for creating value-added products through the biorefinery concept. Many innovative technologies have been developed to address this issue and improve the biomass hydrolysis yield. The issue with these technologies...

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Section: Effect Of Refining Temperature On the Efficiency Of Enzymatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Pilot Scale Mechanical Disk Refining for Improvements in Enzymatic Digestibility of Pretreated Hardwood Lignocellulosics

Jones¹,

Venditti²,

Park³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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“…10), the C signal can be resolved into several component peaks, which reflect local environments of different C atoms (such as C C, C H, C O or O C O) (Doris and Gray, 1979;Gray et al, 2010). For our samples, the three component peaks were categorized by the bonding type of various C atoms of the CNs.…”

Section: Xps Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of cellulose nanocrystals from sugarcane bagasse fibers and pith

Oliveira

Bras²,

Pimenta

et al. 2016

Industrial Crops and Products

177

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“…Theoretically, the XPS spectrum of cellulose exhibits C1s peaks only at a binding energy of 286.6 eV (C-O, alcohol or ether) and 288.1 eV (O-C-O, diether or carbonyl) with a relative intensity ratio of 5:1, and the C1s expressed at 285.0 eV (C-C/C-H, aliphatic) binding energy are not characteristic of cellulose; rather, they may be derived from lignin, fatty acids, or waxes. (Sapieha et al 1990;Belgacem et al 1995;Mitchell et al 2005;Gray et al 2010). According to Table 3, the value of O/C ratio was lower than the theoretical value of pure cellulose 0.83 (Gray et al 2010).…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals using highly recyclable organic acid treated softwood pulp

Wang

Song

et al. 2019

BioRes

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully obtained from softwood pulp by p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) hydrolysis under the treatment of p-TsOH mass concentration of 60%, temperature of 70 °C, reaction time of 4 h, and pulp to solution ratio of 1:20 (g / mL). Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the physical-chemical properties of the CNC. Under these conditions, the CNC exhibited good thermal stability in the suspension with a high crystallinity index of 90.1%. The CNC had an average diameter of 4.87 nm and average length 175.5 nm with no undesired elemental contamination. The degradation temperature of the CNC was relatively high at 310 °C. Moreover, p-TsOH was recovered by crystallization technology, and the recovery rate was over 70%, providing an environmentally friendly way for the development of biomass materials.

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Composition of lignocellulosic surfaces: comments on the interpretation of XPS spectra

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Optimization of Pilot Scale Mechanical Disk Refining for Improvements in Enzymatic Digestibility of Pretreated Hardwood Lignocellulosics

Optimization of Pilot Scale Mechanical Disk Refining for Improvements in Enzymatic Digestibility of Pretreated Hardwood Lignocellulosics

Production of cellulose nanocrystals from sugarcane bagasse fibers and pith

Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals using highly recyclable organic acid treated softwood pulp

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