Composition, Antivirulence Activity, and Active Property Distribution of the Fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz

Abstract

The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz., or Tibet Olive, is widely used as a food supplement in China. It possesses some natural antimicrobial properties; however, its chemical composition and antivirulence effects have not been identified. In this work, 29 compounds were identified from the peel of T. chebula fruit by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Both the extract of T. chebula and its phenolic acid, corilagin, showed antivirulent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, they inhibited biofilm formation. The half maximal inhibitory concentration was 0.13 and 3.18 µg/mL for the extract and corilagin, respectively, whereas for α‐hemolysin secretion, the respective concentrations were 30 and 10 µg/mL. Its mechanism of action may be due to reducing the transcription of genes related to quorum sensing. These genes included staphylococcal accessory regulator A, intercellular adhesion accessory gene regulator A, and RNAIII. These findings provide evidence that this food supplement could be an effective antivirulent with corilagin as its active ingredient. Practical Application Corilagin from the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. may be used as an antibacterial for its antivirulent activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses

“…Terminalia chebula ( T. chebula ) belongs to the family of Combretaceae and is mostly found in the Asian region [ 283 ]. It is one of the most important medicinal plants due to the presence of a huge number of different kinds of phytoconstituents [ 232 ].…”

“…It is one of the most important medicinal plants due to the presence of a huge number of different kinds of phytoconstituents [ 232 ]. It is customarily used as a household remedy and also in modern, Ayurveda, Unani and Homoeopathic medicines [ 232 , 283 ]. Its bioactive components extracted from the leaves, bark and fruit of the plant include flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenes, anthocyanins, glycosides, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, punicalagin, chebulanin, corilagin, neochebulinic acid, ellagic acid, chebulinic acid, alkaloids and many more [ 232 , 237 , 284 ].…”

A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation of Tannins from Terminalia Linn.

“…Compound 18 could inhibit biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and toxin secretion. This indicated that corilagin might be an effective antibacterial compound [183]. Compound 11 efficiently blocked entry of HCV of all major genotypes and also of the related flavivirus Zika virus [184].…”

Chemical Characterization and Metabolic Profiling of the Compounds in the Chinese Herbal Formula Li Chang Decoction by UPLC-QTOF/MS

“…In Chebulae Fructus, gallic acid structure was found in carboxylic acids ( P13 chebulic acid [ 42 ], P23 gallic acid [ 23 , 43 ], P26 5-galloylshikimic acid [ 44 ], P33 brevifolincarboxylic acid [ 45 ], and P40 3,4,8,9,10-pentahydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one [ 44 ]), while ellagic acid (gallic acid dimer) structure was tannins ( P28 hamamelitannin [ 46 ], P29 1,6-di-O-galloyl- β -D-glucose [ 47 ], P34 chebulanin(1-O-galloyl-2,4-O-chebuloyl-b-D-Glc [ 44 ]), P36 corilagin [ 48 ], and P41 chebulagic acid [ 46 ]). Thus, ellagic acid fragment ( m/z of 300) and neutral loss of gallic acid (170 Da) could be generally observed.…”