Composition and thermodynamic properties of thermal plasma with condensed phases

Coufal, Oldřich; Živný, Oldřich

doi:10.1140/epjd/e2010-10211-3

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The chemical equilibrium composition is determined as a function of temperature and pressure by finding the composition that minimizes the Gibbs free energy, which is a standard technique in equilibrium chemistry and described comprehensively in Refs. [27][28][29][30]. This method is applicable to closed isothermal and isobaric systems.…”

Section: Methods Of Calculation Of Plasma Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical Properties of High-Temperature Reacting Mixtures of Carbon and Water in the Range 400–30,000 K and 0.1–10 atm. Part 1: Equilibrium Composition and Thermodynamic Properties

Wang

Murphy

Yan

et al. 2011

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper is devoted to the calculation of the chemical equilibrium composition and thermodynamic properties of reacting mixtures of carbon and water at high temperature. Equilibrium particle concentrations and thermodynamic properties including mass density, molar weight, entropy, enthalpy and specific heat at constant pressure, sonic velocity, and heat capacity ratio are determined by the method of Gibbs free energy minimization, using species data from standard thermodynamic tables. The calculations, which assume local thermodynamic equilibrium, are performed in the temperature range from 400 to 30,000 K for pressures of 0.10, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 atm. The properties of the reacting mixture are affected by the possible occurrence of solid carbon formation at low temperature, and therefore attention is paid to the influence of the carbon phase transition by comparing the results obtained with and without considering solid carbon formation. The results presented here clarify some basic chemical process and are reliable reference data for use in the simulation of plasmas in reacting carbon and water mixtures together with the need of transport coefficients computation.

show abstract

Section: Methods Of Calculation Of Plasma Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical Properties of High-Temperature Reacting Mixtures of Carbon and Water in the Range 400–30,000 K and 0.1–10 atm. Part 1: Equilibrium Composition and Thermodynamic Properties

Wang

Murphy

Yan

et al. 2011

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This numerical method is easy to execute in any programming language or via mathematical software, allowing one to code the program as a routine in the exploiting code of industrial ICP torches. Furthermore, with the proposed convergence test, it is accurate, and one can even achieve better cpu time than with other numerical methods [15,16] . We have also noticed that several free calculation codes are available on websites [17∼19] (non exhaustive list here).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Several numerical methods of resolution exist and numerous papers have been written on this subject and various algorithms presented [9∼13] (non exhaustive list). Recent papers have been published to describe the numerical methods: we can cite the work from GODIN et al [14] describing a method based on mass action laws and also the fine and precise work from COUFAL et al [15,16] and the cited literature presenting a method based on Gibbs free energy minimization. In this paper, we propose to use an approach using Lagrangian multipliers to address the conservation of nuclei, the electrical neutrality and Dalton's law, and solve the system with a Newton-Raphson numerical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Formed in Argon, Acid Nitric and Water Used in Industrial ICP Torches

Bendjebbar¹,

André²,

Benbakkar³

et al. 2012

Plasma Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are used in spectrochemical analyses. The introduction of the sample by means of an aerosol are widely used. The introduction and the total evaporation of the aerosol is required in order to obtain a good repeatability and reproducibility of analyses. To check whether the vaporization of the aerosol droplets inside the plasma is completed, a solution could be used to compare the experimental results of the emission spectral lines with theoretical results. An accurate calculation code to obtain monatomic spectral lines intensities is therefore required, which is the purpose of the present paper. The mixtures of argon, water and nitric acid are widely used in spectrochemical analyses with ICPs. With these mixtures, we calculate the composition, thermodynamic functions and monatomic spectral lines intensities of the plasma at thermodynamic equilibrium and at atmospheric pressure. To obtain a self sufficient paper and also to allow other researchers to compare their results, all required data and a robust accurate algorithm, which is simple and easy to compute, are given.

show abstract

“…Based on the amount of C, H, O, N, S, Cl and Ar added to the system (waste material, argon as internal standard, gasifying agents and plasma gas), the equilibrium composition of this heterogeneous system was calculated at the given temperature using the method described by Coufal and Zivný (2011).…”

Section: Syngas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma gasification of refuse derived fuel in a single-stage system using different gasifying agents

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The renewable evolution in the energy industry and the depletion of natural resources are putting pressure on the waste industry to shift towards flexible treatment technologies with efficient materials and/or energy recovery. In this context, a thermochemical conversion method of recent interest is plasma gasification, which is capable of producing syngas from a wide variety of waste streams. The produced syngas can be valorized for both energetic (heat and/or electricity) and chemical (ammonia, hydrogen or liquid hydrocarbons) end-purposes. This paper evaluates the performance of experiments on a single-stage plasma gasification system for the treatment of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from excavated waste. A comparative analysis of the syngas characteristics and process yields was done for seven cases with different types of gasifying agents (CO2+O2, H2O, CO2+H2O and O2+H2O). The syngas compositions were compared to the thermodynamic equilibrium compositions and the performance of the single-stage plasma gasification of RDF was compared to that of similar experiments with biomass and to the performance of a two-stage plasma gasification process with RDF. The temperature range of the experiment was from 1400 to 1600 K and for all cases, a medium calorific value syngas was produced with lower heating values up to 10.9 MJ/Nm(3), low levels of tar, high levels of CO and H2 and which composition was in good agreement to the equilibrium composition. The carbon conversion efficiency ranged from 80% to 100% and maximum cold gas efficiency and mechanical gasification efficiency of respectively 56% and 95%, were registered. Overall, the treatment of RDF proved to be less performant than that of biomass in the same system. Compared to a two-stage plasma gasification system, the produced syngas from the single-stage reactor showed more favourable characteristics, while the recovery of the solid residue as a vitrified slag is an advantage of the two-stage set-up.

show abstract

Composition and thermodynamic properties of thermal plasma with condensed phases

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Thermophysical Properties of High-Temperature Reacting Mixtures of Carbon and Water in the Range 400–30,000 K and 0.1–10 atm. Part 1: Equilibrium Composition and Thermodynamic Properties

Thermophysical Properties of High-Temperature Reacting Mixtures of Carbon and Water in the Range 400–30,000 K and 0.1–10 atm. Part 1: Equilibrium Composition and Thermodynamic Properties

Plasma Formed in Argon, Acid Nitric and Water Used in Industrial ICP Torches

Plasma gasification of refuse derived fuel in a single-stage system using different gasifying agents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About