Composition and Properties of Saliva in Patients with Osteoporosis Taking Antiresorptive Drugs

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine how the composition and properties of saliva change in people with osteoporosis who have received antiresorptive (AR) treatment, compared to patients with osteoporosis who have not yet received this treatment. Methods: The study population consisted of 38 patients with osteoporosis using AR drugs (Group I) and 16 patients with osteoporosis who had never used AR drugs (Group II). The control group consisted of 32 people without osteoporosis. Laboratory tests included determination of pH and concentrations of Ca, PO4, total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, sIgA, IgA, cortisol, neopterin, activity of amylase at rest, and stimulated saliva. The buffering capacity of stimulated saliva was also determined. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the saliva of Group I and Group II. No statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of time using AR therapy (Group I) and the tested parameters of the saliva. Significant differences were found between Group I and the control group. The concentrations of PO4, lysozyme, and cortisol were higher, while concentrations of Ca ions, sIgA, and neopterin were lower, in comparison to the control group. The significant differences between Group II and the control group were smaller, and they concerned only the concentrations of lysozyme, cortisol, and neopterin. Conclusions: The saliva of people with osteoporosis subjected to AR therapy and those not subjected to AR therapy did not show statistically significant differences in terms of the examined parameters of the saliva. However, the saliva of patients with osteoporosis taking and not taking AR drugs was significantly different compared to the saliva of the control group.

A Study of Oral Health Parameters and the Properties and Composition of Saliva in Oncological Patients with and without Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Who Take Bisphosphonates

“…A decrease in the concentration of calcium ions in saliva, as well as in blood, may also be due to the effectiveness of BP therapy. An analogous relationship was noted in the study of patients undergoing AR therapy due to osteoporosis, where a decrease in the concentration of calcium ions was found in both resting and stimulated saliva, but the relationship was statistically significant only for stimulated saliva [33]. BPs also show the ability to inhibit the calcification process [43].…”

“…This research is a part of a larger scientific project related to the changes in the oral health parameters, and properties and composition of saliva in patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy. This article is a continuation of a recently published study on the properties and composition of saliva in patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis [ 33 ].…”

“…The obtained resting saliva and the rest of the stimulated saliva samples were frozen at −30 °C until the start of the biochemical tests. Laboratory tests of saliva were performed in the biochemistry laboratory of the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the Medical University of Gdansk [ 33 ].…”

“…The pH level of the saliva was measured using Sigma-Aldrich pH Test Strips 4.5–10.0 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) [ 33 ].…”

Saliva as Biomarker for Oral and Chronic Degenerative Non-Communicable Diseases

“…The literature widely demonstrates a correlation between salivary proteomics and oral and systemic diseases. In particular, dysbiosis of the oral microbiome was found to be strictly related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) [ 12 , 13 ], pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer and other metabolic diseases [ 1 , 8 , 14 , 15 ].…”