Abstract:The Andean grassland ecosystems undergo natural and anthropogenic degradation processes. The change of land use for agricultural use is the greatest threat, with a great loss of biodiversity followed by a very slow process of revegetalization. The objective was to assess the richness, abundance and diversity, alpha and beta, in areas of two-, three-, five-, six- and eight years of post-harvest abandonment of Lepidium meyenni Walpers. Ten affected areas were selected for agrostological evaluation, through four … Show more
“…Andean grassland ecosystems are located between 3500 and 5000 metres above sea level, in an area that extends from northern Colombia to southern Argentina, in which the plant communities are made up of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small stands of native trees (Cuesta & Becerra, 2012). This scenario is generally covered by grasses, among a mosaic of plant formations such as: the tall growing species of the Poaceae family; the puna grasslands populated by upright and stunted species of the Poaceae, Aseteraceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae families, among others; the wetlands with the presence of aquatic and semi-aquatic species of the Juncaceae, Plantaginaceae, Apiaceae, Isoetaceae families, among others Gonnet et al, 2016;Yaranga et al, 2019). This Andean vegetation community is of great importance in the provision of fundamental ecosystem services for human life (Sun et al, 2017;Cabrera & Duivenvoorden, 2020); it also constitutes the natural base of the Andean livestock food resource, the main family economic activity, on which the survival and selfdevelopment of thousands of authentically rural families living in poverty depend (Fiallos, Herrera, & Velázquez, 2015;Yaranga, 2018).…”
The tall grass vegetation in the Andean grassland ecosystems covers the largest area compared to other types of vegetation such as Puna grass, wetland and others. The grasslands are frequently set on fire by livestock farmer, seriously affecting the ecosystem. One way to mitigate this problem is to use these species as a source of plant fibre, which can be economically useful to the interests of the livestock family without affecting the ecosystem. To advance in this approach, it is necessary to know the functional characteristics of the plants; therefore, we evaluated the aerial primary productivity, plant density per m 2 , basal cover, aerial cover and leaf height, whose data were analysed using the generalised linear mixed model and the correlation between these variables with the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil, by means of principal component analysis and canonical correlation, in seven species of grassland and seven control plots, located between 3860 and 4333 metres above sea level. The results showed significant differences for p=0.001 between species, and between plots, and a canonical correlation grouped in two clusters that showed the differentiated importance of soil elements with the phytomass produced
“…Andean grassland ecosystems are located between 3500 and 5000 metres above sea level, in an area that extends from northern Colombia to southern Argentina, in which the plant communities are made up of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small stands of native trees (Cuesta & Becerra, 2012). This scenario is generally covered by grasses, among a mosaic of plant formations such as: the tall growing species of the Poaceae family; the puna grasslands populated by upright and stunted species of the Poaceae, Aseteraceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae families, among others; the wetlands with the presence of aquatic and semi-aquatic species of the Juncaceae, Plantaginaceae, Apiaceae, Isoetaceae families, among others Gonnet et al, 2016;Yaranga et al, 2019). This Andean vegetation community is of great importance in the provision of fundamental ecosystem services for human life (Sun et al, 2017;Cabrera & Duivenvoorden, 2020); it also constitutes the natural base of the Andean livestock food resource, the main family economic activity, on which the survival and selfdevelopment of thousands of authentically rural families living in poverty depend (Fiallos, Herrera, & Velázquez, 2015;Yaranga, 2018).…”
The tall grass vegetation in the Andean grassland ecosystems covers the largest area compared to other types of vegetation such as Puna grass, wetland and others. The grasslands are frequently set on fire by livestock farmer, seriously affecting the ecosystem. One way to mitigate this problem is to use these species as a source of plant fibre, which can be economically useful to the interests of the livestock family without affecting the ecosystem. To advance in this approach, it is necessary to know the functional characteristics of the plants; therefore, we evaluated the aerial primary productivity, plant density per m 2 , basal cover, aerial cover and leaf height, whose data were analysed using the generalised linear mixed model and the correlation between these variables with the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil, by means of principal component analysis and canonical correlation, in seven species of grassland and seven control plots, located between 3860 and 4333 metres above sea level. The results showed significant differences for p=0.001 between species, and between plots, and a canonical correlation grouped in two clusters that showed the differentiated importance of soil elements with the phytomass produced
“…The analysis was carried out during the rainy 2018), drove land use change in the central Andes of Peru. In fragile ecosystems such as high Andean grasslands, they have been replaced by monocultures with high nutritional and functional demands such as Lepidium meyenii (maca) (Yaranga et al, 2014), displacing high Andean grasslands that play an important socio-economic role for livestock societies, wildlife livelihoods and important environmental services (Caro et al, 2014).…”
Soil quality is usually determined by its physical-chemical characteristics without taking into account the bacterial communities that play a fundamental role in the chemical decomposition of plant nutrients. In this context, the objective of the study was to evaluate bacterial diversity in high Andean grassland soils disturbed with Lepidium meyenii cultivation under different gradients of use (first, second and third use) and crop development (pre-sowing, hypocotyl development and post-harvest). The sampling was carried out in the Bombón plateau in the central Andes of Peru, during the rainy and low water seasons, by the systematic method based on a specific pattern assigned in a geometric rectangular shape at a depth of 0 - 20 cm. The characterization of the bacterial communities was carried out through the metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA. 376 families of bacteria were reported, of which it was determined that there was a significant change in bacterial composition and distribution in relation to use pressure. There were no major changes due to the development of Lepidium meyenii. The families most sensitive to use pressure and soil poverty indicators were Verrucomicrobiaceae, Acidobacteraceae and Aakkermansiaceae.
“…The wetlands are considered to be some of the most productive ecosystems [FACCIO 2010]. However, in recent years, the anthropogenic pressure on these ecosystems has increased due to multiple factors, such as overgrazing [COCHI-MACHACA et al 2018], uncontrolled peat extraction for energy purposes [CARO et al 2014], change of land use for crops [YARANGA et al 2019] and climate change that modifies precipitation and temperature regimes [ANDERSON et al 2021]. In the long term, this could result in drying and decay of bofedales that are not hydrologically connected to lakes and glaciers [BAIKER 2020].…”
The aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of bofedales is one of the most important indicators for the provision of ecosystem services in the high Andean areas. In the case of bofedales, the evaluation of the ANPP supply capacity as a service on a spatial and temporal scale through remote sensing has been little addressed. The capacity, intra and interannual, to provide the ANPP of the high Andean wetlands was quantified at a spatial and temporal level through remote sensing. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the MODIS sensor was used according to the Monteith model (1972), product of the incident photosynthetically active radiation, fraction of the absorbed radiation, and the efficiency of using the radiation of the calibrated vegetation with dry matter sampling in the field. Results show an ANPP prediction R 2 of 0.52 (p < 0.05), with no significant spatial difference between field samples. When applying the model, the intra-annual temporary ANPP supply capacity presents a maximum average of 160.54 kg DM•ha -1 •month -1 in the rainy season (December-May) and a maximum average of 81.17 kg DM•ha -1 •month -1 in the dry season (June-October). In 2003-2020, the interannual temporary capacity presented values of 1100-1700 kg DM•ha -1 •year -1 . This makes it possible not to affect the sustainability of the wetlands and prevent their depletion and degradation. Understanding the ANPP supply capacity of bofedales can favour the efficient use of the resource and indirectly benefit its conservation.
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