Composition and distribution of α-dicarbonyl compounds in propolis from different plant origins and extraction processing

Effects of hot-air drying temperature on drying characteristics and color deterioration of rape bee pollen

“…The samples were directly infused into the Q-TOF using iterative MS/MS acquisition mode. The α-DCs were unambiguously identified according to their mass and production ions in agreement with published structural data ( Song et al, 2021 ). Nine different α-DCs including glucosone (GS), methylglyoxal (MGO), 2,3-pentosone (2,3-PS), 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 1-deoxy-2,3-pentosulose (1-DP), 1,4-dideoxyglucosone (1,4-DDG), 1,4-dideoxy-2,3-diketopentose (1,4-DDP), 2,3-butanedione (2,3-BD) and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene- (3,4-DGE) have been identified in the rape bee pollen samples.…”

“…Quantitative analysis of α-DCs were carried out according to a published procedure ( Song et al, 2021 ) with minor modifications. The α-DCs were determined by using an Agilent 1290 UHPLC system coupled via electrospray ionization to an Agilent 6470A QQQ MS (Santa Clara, CA).…”

“…The formation of 5-HMF is associated with the browning of persimmon samples exposed to heat applications and HAD samples are characterized by the lowest lightness index and the highest amount of 5-HMF ( Kayacan et al 2020 ). To the best of our knowledge, only few studies in bee products have compared the differences of α‑DCs between naturally matured and artificially heated acacia honey, and composition of α-DCs in propolis from different plant origins ( Yan et al, 2019 , Song et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, no information is currently available on the effects of different drying temperatures on the content of α-DCs and 5-HMF of bee pollen.…”

Effect of different drying methods on the amino acids, α-dicarbonyls and volatile compounds of rape bee pollen

“…The samples were directly infused into the Q-TOF using iterative MS/MS acquisition mode. The α-DCs were unambiguously identified according to their mass and production ions in agreement with published structural data [25]. In this study, nine α-DCs were identified and quantified, including glucosone (GS), and 2,3-pentosone quinoxaline (2,3-PS).…”