Composition and distribution of bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in fish of four mariculture systems

Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Intestinal Contents of Wild Marine Fish in Chile

“…Most studies dealing with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated with fish refer to farmed fishes [4][5][6][7], but studies of the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria composing the microbiota of fishes from non-aquaculture settings are very scarce, and mostly related to freshwater environments [8][9][10][11]. Vivant et al [11] investigated how wild fishes inhabiting Antibiotics 2024, 13, 332 2 of 15 a highly urbanized river are involved in the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales, which was mainly isolated from the gut, by observing an important occurrence of resistance against antimicrobials belonging to the penicillin class.…”

Determination of antimicrobial resistance gene variations using Tet and Str genes in freshwater fish species

“…The aquaculture industry has shown five times more growth in recent years to meet the demand for high-quality protein (1). However, infectious, and non-infectious diseases in fish pose serious problems for their production and development (2)(3)(4).…”

“…Even if antibiotic use is discontinued, the fish recirculating water system is a determinant indicator of the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes, in conjunction with water quality parameters such as pH, COD, TP, TAN, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn, coupled with heavy metals and microbial community shifts (10)(11). Various studies have shown that aquatic culture environments are significant reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance genes (1,12). Fecal contamination of surface water, river water, wetlands, and even drinking water has led to the spread of such resistance (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

“…ARGs can be transferred and disseminated between different bacterial genera via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which can enhance antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities (1,22). Currently, ARGs are considered emerging pollutants that can reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics and pose a risk to the environment and human health.…”

“…Currently, ARGs are considered emerging pollutants that can reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics and pose a risk to the environment and human health. Therefore, antibiotic-resistance genes have become a major public safety concern (1).…”