Composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Stachys macrostachya (Wend.) Briq

Production, Function, and Applications of the Sesquiterpenes Valencene and Nootkatone: a Comprehensive Review

“…Valencene also reduced UV-induced melanin synthesis in murine B16F10 melanoma cells by 82% at 15 μg mL –1 . Moreover, a recent study indicated that S. macrostachya essential oil (the major components being 12.2% germacrene D, 10.9% globulol, 9.7% α-pinene, and 7.6% valencene) had a significant effect as a tyrosinase inhibitor . Tyrosinase, an oxidase enzyme containing copper active sites, is involved in melanin synthesis.…”

“…It has also been found that S. macrostachya essential oil displayed a significant antibacterial effect against Acinetobacter baumannii (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 62.50 μg mL –1 ). Germacrene D (12.2%), globulol (10.9%), α-pinene (9.7%), and valencene (7.6%) were the active compounds of the oil, which may be responsible for the antibacterial effect . Similarly, L. camara essential oil with valencene content (12.9%) was discovered to have remarkable in vitro antimicrobial activities against Proteus vulgaris , Staphylococcus aureus , E. coli , P. aeruginosa , and Vibrio cholareae .…”

“…Valencene, a characteristic aromatic compound in citrus fruit, is found in many natural fruits like sweet oranges, loose-skin mandarins, lemons, and pomelos. ,, In addition, it is also found in yellow-cedar heartwood, Alaska cedar heartwood, Cyperus rotundus , Xanthocyparis vietnamensis , Lantana montevidensis , L. camara , Virola surinamensis , Myrica rubra , Stachys macrostachya , and Salvia bracteata . It is noteworthy that Melissa officinalis , an herbal tea in Anatolia, is quite rich in valencene (23.2%) …”

“…171 Moreover, a recent study indicated that S. macrostachya essential oil (the major components being 12.2% germacrene D, 10.9% globulol, 9.7% α-pinene, and 7.6% valencene) had a significant effect as a tyrosinase inhibitor. 22 Tyrosinase, an oxidase enzyme containing copper active sites, is involved in melanin synthesis. These findings suggested that valencene may be developed as a therapeutic agent for preventing photoaging and skin hyperpigmentation.…”

“…Germacrene D (12.2%), globulol (10.9%), α-pinene (9.7%), and valencene (7.6%) were the active compounds of the oil, which may be responsible for the antibacterial effect. 22 Similarly, L. camara essential oil with valencene content (12.9%) was discovered to have remarkable in vitro antimicrobial activities against Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholareae. 88 In contrast, valencene was found to be ineffective against all tested strains of bacteria (e.g., S. aureus, S. cerevisiae, and E. coli) and fungi (e.g., Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus niger) in other studies.…”