Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Three Plant Species from the Sabana of Bogota (Colombia): Myrcianthes leucoxyla, Vallea stipularis and Phyllanthus salviifolius

Abstract

In recent decades, essential oils (EOs) have become an important alternative source of antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EOs obtained from the leaves of Myrcianthes leucoxyla Mc. Vaughn., Vallea stipularis L.f and Phyllanthus salviifolius Kunth for prevalent microbial strains and also to contribute to the knowledge of their chemical composition. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The main compounds for V. stipularis EO were α-tujene (6.6%) and cedrene epoxide (12.0%), for M. leucoxila EO 1,8 cineole (6.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (21.7%), and for P. salviifolius aristolene (17.3%) and geranyl tiglate (15.9%). Antimicrobial tests showed that M. leucoxyla EO was the most active, showing zones of inhibition against all strains used, specifically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium with percentages of inhibition higher than 50%. Compared with positive controls, this activity may be related to the presence of 1,8 cineole.

Chemical Profiling, Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Potential of the Essential Oil from Myrcianthes discolor (Kunth) McVaugh, an Aromatic Tree from Southern Ecuador

“…The average EO yield was 0.075%, obtained from the leaves of M. discolor , which was very low compared to the EOs of M. fragrans with 0.28% [ 18 ], M. pungens with 0.19% [ 19 ], M. mollis with 0.2%, and M. myrsinoides with 0.3% [ 20 ] or M. leucoxyla with 0.1% [ 21 ]. On the one hand, there is relatively little information about the essential oil yield of species from this genus, but according to the literature, the average yield oscillates around 0.1% to 0.3% when obtained from leaves [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…The average EO yield was 0.075%, obtained from the leaves of M. discolor , which was very low compared to the EOs of M. fragrans with 0.28% [ 18 ], M. pungens with 0.19% [ 19 ], M. mollis with 0.2%, and M. myrsinoides with 0.3% [ 20 ] or M. leucoxyla with 0.1% [ 21 ]. On the one hand, there is relatively little information about the essential oil yield of species from this genus, but according to the literature, the average yield oscillates around 0.1% to 0.3% when obtained from leaves [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. On the other hand, Barra [ 23 ] mentioned that endogenous and exogenous factors affect essential oil yields and could even lead to ecotypes or chemotypes in the same plant species, and such factors can involve individual genetic variability, variation among different parts of the plants or phenological stages, and modifications due to the environment.…”

“…In comparison with studies of related species of the genus Myrcianthes , in M. myrsinoides (collected in Ecuador), the isomer Z -caryophyllene (16.6%) was reported as the main compound, and the monoterpene hydrocarbons limonene (5.3%), β -pinene (1.5%), and α -pinene (2.5%) in a lower percentage [ 20 ]. On the other hand, from the leaves of M. leuxycola collected in Colombia, 14 out of 33 compounds were monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as the major compound (6.3%) [ 21 ]. Other species such as M. fragrans were composed mainly by the oxygenated monoterpenes geranial (31.1%) and neral (23.6%) [ 18 ], M. cisplatensis by hydrocarbonated monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole (53.8%) and α -pinene (16.6%) [ 25 ], M. osteomeloides and M. pseudomato by hydrocarbonated monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole (55.7% and 24.4%) and α -pinene (17.9% and 17.1%), respectively [ 26 ], and M. pungens by hydrocarbonated sesquiterpenes such as β -caryophyllene (11.7%) and 1,8-cineole (10.1%) [ 19 ].…”

Essential Oils from Zingiber striolatum Diels Attenuate Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress through Regulation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

“…The retention index of each compound was calculated by using n-alkanes standards (C 8 –C 40 ). The compounds were identified by comparing the mass spectra of each chromatographic peak in the NIST05 library and comparing their calculated retention indexes with the retention indexes in the literature [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

A New Purine Derivative from the Roots of Phyllanthus flexuosus

“…intestinal infections, headache, eczema, warts, diabetes, and hepatitis [1][2][3]. Phytochemical investigations on the genus led to the discovery of many structurally diverse secondary metabolites such as triterpenoids [4][5], diterpenoids [6], sesquiterpenoids [7], phenolics [8][9], phytosterols [10], and so forth [11][12]. These established structural diversity and therapeutic importance have inspired a continuing interest in the investigations of the chemical constituents of the genus Phyllanthus.…”