“…These materials offer new perspectives for the development of innovative systems in biomedical applications. Different types of composite cryogels in varying physical forms have been used for adsorption of small-molecule drugs, proteins, oligonucleotides, silencing RNA, plasmid DNA, and antibodies [83,84,85].…”
Section: Composite Cryogels As Versatile Tools For Biomedical Applmentioning
Supermacroporous gels, called cryogels, are unique scaffolds that can be prepared by polymerization of monomer solution under sub-zero temperatures. They are widely used in many applications and have significant potential biomaterials, especially for biomedical applications due to their inherent interconnected supermacroporous structures and easy formation of composite polymers in comparison to other porous polymer synthesis techniques. This review highlights the fundamentals of supermacroporous cryogels and composite cryogels, and then comprehensively summarizes recent studies in preparation, functionalization, and utilization with mechanical, biological and physicochemical features, according to the biomedical applications. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable supermacroporous composite cryogels.
“…These materials offer new perspectives for the development of innovative systems in biomedical applications. Different types of composite cryogels in varying physical forms have been used for adsorption of small-molecule drugs, proteins, oligonucleotides, silencing RNA, plasmid DNA, and antibodies [83,84,85].…”
Section: Composite Cryogels As Versatile Tools For Biomedical Applmentioning
Supermacroporous gels, called cryogels, are unique scaffolds that can be prepared by polymerization of monomer solution under sub-zero temperatures. They are widely used in many applications and have significant potential biomaterials, especially for biomedical applications due to their inherent interconnected supermacroporous structures and easy formation of composite polymers in comparison to other porous polymer synthesis techniques. This review highlights the fundamentals of supermacroporous cryogels and composite cryogels, and then comprehensively summarizes recent studies in preparation, functionalization, and utilization with mechanical, biological and physicochemical features, according to the biomedical applications. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable supermacroporous composite cryogels.
“…By optimizing the operational conditions, this method can provide a larger surface area with smaller particle size and narrower size distribution. Other available techniques, such as Pickering emulation polymerization, 44 cannot provide such features. The presence of both proteins can be observed in the elution fractions in the SDS-PAGE analysis of the particles before postmodification ( Figure S15 ).…”
A hybrid
bifunctional core–shell nanostructure was synthesized
for the first time via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
(SI-ATRP) using myoglobin as a biocatalyst (ATRPase) in an aqueous
solution.
N
-Isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA) and
N
-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide (APMA) were applied to graft
flexible polymer brushes onto initiator-functionalized silica nanoparticles.
Two different approaches were implemented to form the core–shell
nanocomposite: (a) random copolymerization, Si@p(NIPA-
co
-APMA) and (b) sequential block copolymerization, Si@pNIPA-
b
-pAPMA. These nanocomposites can be used as versatile intermediates,
thereby leading to different types of materials for targeted applications.
In this work, a phenylboronic acid ligand was immobilized on the side
chain of the grafted brushes during a series of postmodification reactions
to create a boronate affinity adsorbent. The ability to selectively
bind glycoproteins (ovalbumin and glycated hemoglobin) via boronic
acid was assessed at two different temperatures (20 and 40 °C),
where Si@pNIPA-
b
-APMA
BA
(163 mg OVA/g
of particle) displayed an approximately 1.5-fold higher capacity than
Si@p(NIPA-
co
-APMA)
BA
(107 mg OVA/g of
particle). In addition to selective binding to glycoproteins, the
nanocomposites exhibited selective binding for myoglobin due to the
molecular imprinting effect during the postmodification process, that
is, 72 and 111 mg Mb/g for Si@p(NIPA-
co
-APMA)
BA
and Si@pNIPA-
b
-pAPMA
BA
, respectively.
“…Strategies such as increasing the shell thickness, cross-linking or solidification of the Pickering emulsion surfaces, or using a combination of particles for droplet stabilisation, can prevent untimely cargo leakage. [21,23,24] There are, therefore, a number of considerations in the design of a successful therapeutic Pickering emulsion formulation.…”
Section: Pickering Emulsions In Biomedical Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[40] A recent interesting application of Pickering emulsion enabled MIP is shown in the work of Hajizadeh et al, who developed MIP immobilised in cyrogels for the capture and purification of haemoglobin Hb protein from cell homogenate suspension and non-purified red blood cells lysate [24]. This work demonstrated clear advantages over traditional immobilisation strategies, with the Pickering emulsion-formed MIP exhibiting high binding capacity and enhanced selectivity towards Hb proteins as a result of excellent accessibility of the active MIP groups.…”
Pickering emulsions, stabilised by organic or inorganic particles, offer long-term dispersibility of liquid droplets and resistance to coalescence. The versatility of stabilising particles and their ability to encapsulate and release cargo with high internal payload capacity makes them attractive in a wide variety of applications, ranging from catalysis to the cosmetic and food industry. While these properties make them an equally promising material platform for pharmaceutical and clinical applications, the development of Pickering emulsions for healthcare is still in its infancy. Herein, we summarise and discuss recent progress in the development of Pickering emulsions for biomedical applications, probing their design for passive diffusion-based release as well as stimuli-responsive destabilisation. We further comment on challenges and future directions of this exciting and rapidly expanding area of research.Pickering emulsions have been applied in a number of areas of research and industrial importance, such as food manufacturing, cosmetics, agrochemicals and therapeutic delivery. Their popularity in biomedical applications (i.e. for use in healthcare, such as therapeutics, diagnostics or imaging), in particular, has increased dramatically in recent years, thanks to their high stability, capacity for superior cargo loading compared to conventional systems, and diverse range of stabilising particles, creating a broad library of available building blocks. For biomedical and pharmaceutical application, the choice of emulsifier is critical; it must be biocompatible, non-toxic, and be able to be excreted from the body (if necessary). In this article, we will review the latest developments in the design and application of Pickering emulsions for biomedicine, with a focus on stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions as a route to the triggered release of a payload towards advanced therapeutic delivery strategies. Within this discussion, we will describe systems which have been applied in proof of concept and in vitro assessments and emphasise areas of potential future development.
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