Supermacroporous Composite Cryogels in Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Supermacroporous gels, called cryogels, are unique scaffolds that can be prepared by polymerization of monomer solution under sub-zero temperatures. They are widely used in many applications and have significant potential biomaterials, especially for biomedical applications due to their inherent interconnected supermacroporous structures and easy formation of composite polymers in comparison to other porous polymer synthesis techniques. This review highlights the fundamentals of supermacroporous cryogels and composite cryogels, and then comprehensively summarizes recent studies in preparation, functionalization, and utilization with mechanical, biological and physicochemical features, according to the biomedical applications. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable supermacroporous composite cryogels.

Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems

“…Owing to the combination of similar specific porosity and wide possibility to adjust the physico-chemical characteristics of the various cryogenically structured matrices to the requirements of the goal application, polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates have been extensively examined and used in many practical areas. The following overview publications describe and discuss the generalized data related to the applied potential of similar polymeric materials in such fields as biomaterials (the highest quantity of the respective publications) [ 5 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 38 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ], biotechnology [ 5 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 30 , …”

Ultralight magnetic aerogels from Janus emulsions

“…The low-temperature process is of special relevance for biomedical applications. 17,21 However, for some special applications, a macroporous aerogel is required to accelerate transport processes into the 3D structure. For example, biosensors related applications demanded signicantly larger pore sizes to immobilize bacteria.…”

Molecularly imprinted smart cryogels for selective nickel recognition in aqueous solutions

“…8 Cryogels possess interconnected pores having 10-100 μm in size that enables nonhindered diffusion of solutes and this feature facilitates the transport of viscous medium with low pressure drop. 9 Formerly, cryogels with the unique morphology attract great attention for biotechnological applications especially for separation of the analyte with direct treatment of crude media. 10 Recently, MIP cryogels have become a promising adsorbent in environmental field due to their unique morphological characteristics, such as interconnected channels and their high affinity for the template molecules leading to the efficient and fast flow throughout the matrix.…”