Composite Coloration Efficiency Measurements of Electrochromic Polymers Based on 3,4-Alkylenedioxythiophenes

Gaupp, Carleton L.; Welsh, Dean M.; Rauh, and R. David; Reynolds, John R.

doi:10.1021/cm020433w

Cited by 322 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…7,8 In another report, a coloration efficiency of 302 cm 2 C À1 (l = 560 nm) was realized by Fabretto et al 34 for a PEDOT-PANI device and this corresponded to 95% of full switch. In yet another report, 33 a composite CE of 206 cm 2 C À1 was observed for PEDOT at l max of 585 nm, for 80% of the maximum contrast. Our values agree reasonably well with reported values.…”

Section: Spectroelectrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 77%

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Deepa

Awadhia

Bhandari

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Electrochromic devices based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the cathodic coloring electrode and polyaniline (PANI) or Prussian blue (PB) as the counter electrode containing a highly conductive, self-supporting, distensible and transparent polymer-gel electrolyte film encapsulating an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidiniumbis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, have been fabricated. Polarization, charge transfer and diffusion processes control the electrochemistry of the functional electrodes during coloration and bleaching and these phenomena differ when PEDOT and PANI/PB were employed alternately as working electrodes. While the electrochemical impedance response shows good similitude for PEDOT and PANI electrodes, the responses of PEDOT and PB were significantly different in the PEDOT-PB device, especially during reduction of PB, wherein the overall amplitude of the impedance response is enormous. Large values of the coloration efficiency maxima of 281 cm 2 C À1 (l = 583 nm) and 274 cm 2 C À1 (l = 602 nm), achieved at À1.0 and À1.5 V for the PEDOT-PANI and PEDOT-PB devices have been correlated to the particularly low magnitude of charge transfer resistance and high polarization capacitance operative at the PEDOT-ionic liquid based electrolyte interface at these dc potentials, thus allowing facile ion-transport and consequently resulting in enhanced absorption modulation. Moderately fast switching kinetics and the ability of these devices to sustain about 2500 cycles of clear-to-dark and dark-to-clear without incurring major losses in the optical contrast, along with the ease of construction of these cells in terms of high scalability and reproducibility of the synthetic procedure for fabrication of the electrochromic films and the ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film, are indicators of the promise these devices hold for practical applications like electrochromic windows and displays.

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Section: Spectroelectrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 77%

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Deepa

Awadhia

Bhandari

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…[ 27 ] The nanostructured devices had a high CCE value of about 285 cm 2 C −1 to reach 94 % of the total change in transmittance at λ = 532 nm for applied switching potentials of −2.1 and +1.0 V (Figure 2 E). This CCE value lies in the upper part of the previously published range of 180 and 360 cm 2 C −1 [28][29][30] and is about twice as high as CCE = 140 cm 2 C −1 measured for the nontemplated fi lm ( Figure S10E, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Coloration Contrastmentioning

confidence: 95%

3D Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers for Optical Applications

Dehmel

Nicolas

Scherer

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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wileyonlinelibrary.comThe ideal mesoporous morphology should also exhibit interconnected pores of constant diameter for an optimized accessibility to the interfacial surface.The double-gyroid (DG) morphology with cubic 3 Ia d symmetry fulfi ls these criteria. It is a 3D continuous equilibrium structure arising from the self-assembly of strongly segregated diblock copolymers, [ 12,13 ] which comprises two interwoven single-gyroid networks with I 4 1 32 symmetry. These networks are related by inversion and are separated by a so-called matrix phase. A signifi cant advantage of the DG structure is the self-supporting nature of all constituent phases, which facilitates the synthesis of free-standing networks and thus greatly increases the number of possible fabrication pathways. Moreover, the pores as well as the surrounding struts are uniformly sized and well-ordered, ensuring interconnectivity of both networks across macroscopic dimensions.The replication of 3D nanonetwork morphologies into functional materials separates the optimization of a self-assembled template (such as a DG morphology) from the synthesis of the functional material that fi lls the template. While well established for metals [ 14 ] and metal-oxides, [ 15 ] it is also promising for the nanostructured synthesis of intractable organic materials. The replication of self-assembled templates is particularly interesting for conjugated polymers, the synthesis of which does not allow a precise control over their 3D morphology. Compared to inorganic templates, which require corrosive media for their chemical degradation, [ 16 ] soft organic templates offer the possibility of a mild template removal by dissolution. Recently, Cho et al. have demonstrated the microemulsion synthesis of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) gels with a DG morphology. [ 17 ] Retrieving a mesoporous aerogel from this precursor for application in functional devices is however virtually impossible because the gel itself is unstable and undergoes a transition from the gyroidal to the lamellar phase at 30 °C. In contrast, replicating mesoporous, DG-structured polymer templates into conjugated polymers may afford denser and therefore more stable functional materials.Compared to the replication of inorganic materials, template-assisted polymer synthesis presents many challenges, as it requires a complex multistep wet-chemical process involving several orthogonal solvents that are highly specifi c to either the template or the synthesized replica. Furthermore, synthesis reactions have to be chosen so that the template remains inert. The following requirements are essential:First, to form the mesoporous polymeric template, one of the copolymer blocks must be removed without affecting the 3D Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers for Optical ApplicationsRaphael Dehmel , Alexandre Nicolas , Maik R. J. Scherer , and Ullrich Steiner * The self assembly of block-copolymers into the gyroid morphology is replicated into 3D nanostructured conjugated polymers. Voided styrenic gyroidal networ...

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“…The 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV 400 NMR spectrometer with d6- The change in optical density (ΔOD) at a specific wavelength (λmax) is determined by the %T values of electrochemically oxidized and neutral films using equation (1) [35]:…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride

et al. 2016

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. (2016). Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride. Synthetic Metals, 211 147-154. Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based watersoluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochlorideAbstract 2'-Aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-MeNH2) showed unsatisfactory results when its polymerization occurred in organic solvent in our previous report. Therefore, a water-soluble EDOT derivative was designed by using hydrochloric modified EDOT-MeNH2 (EDOT-MeNH2·HCl) and electropolymerized in aqueous solution to form the corresponding polymer with excellent electrochromic properties. Moreover, the polymer was systematically explored, including electrochemical, optical properties and structure characterization. Cyclic voltammetry showed low oxidation potential of EDOT-MeNH2·HCl (0.85 V) in aqueous solution, leading to the facile electrodeposition of uniform the polymer film with outstanding electroactivity. Compared with poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOTMeNH2), poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene salt) (PEDOT-MeNH3 +A-) revealed higher efficiencies (156 cm2 C-1), lower bandgap (1.68 eV), and faster response time (1.4 s). Satisfactory results implied that salinization can not only change the polymerization system, but also adjust the optical absorption, thereby increase the electrochromic properties.

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Composite Coloration Efficiency Measurements of Electrochromic Polymers Based on 3,4-Alkylenedioxythiophenes

Cited by 322 publications

References 54 publications

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

3D Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers for Optical Applications

Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride

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