Comportamiento visual de árbitros de futbol en situaciones de fuera de juego / Referees' Visual Behaviour During Offside Situations In Football. pp. 325-338

Abstract

RESUMENEl estudio analiza el comportamiento visual de 8 árbitros de fútbol durante la percepción del fuera de juego en laboratorio. La tarea consiste en percibir una secuencia de 24 ensayos en una pantalla (5x3m), donde se proyectan situaciones reducidas de juego y que concluyen con una posible acción de fuera de juego. Los participantes deben percibir la secuencia con el ASL Eye Tracking SE5000, y pulsar un puntero laser hacia la pantalla en aquellos ensayos con fuera de juego. Las variables a manipular son la distancia y el ángulo con que se perciben las acciones de fuera de juego. Las variables dependientes son el número y tiempo (media) de fijaciones visuales y el porcentaje de acierto. Los resultados muestran que la distancia y ángulo influyen en el comportamiento visual de los árbitros. Además, son más eficaces detectando el fuera de juego con ángulos pequeños y en distancias cercanas y medias.

Gaze Behavior of Referees in Sport—A Review

“…A flow diagram of the study selection process based on the PRISMA Statement (Liberati et al, 2009) is presented in Figure 1. The electronic search yielded 11 relevant studies and the manual search yielded one more study, for a total of 12 studies (Bard et al, 1980;Catteeuw et al, 2009Catteeuw et al, , 2010bHancock and Ste-Marie, 2013;Millslagle et al, 2013;Flessas et al, 2015;Luis et al, 2015;Spitz et al, 2016;Schnyder et al, 2017;Fasold et al, 2018;Pizzera et al, 2018;Moore et al, 2019).…”

“…We found four studies that examined the ability of assistant referees (ARs) to judge whether a player was on-or off-side (Catteeuw et al, 2009(Catteeuw et al, , 2010bLuis et al, 2015;Schnyder et al, 2017), and one study that examined the ability to identify foul plays (Spitz et al, 2016). In one of these studies (Catteeuw et al, 2009), five international and five national ARs were requested to judge 40 recorded videos of simulated possible offside situations.…”

“…The distance of the AR and the size of the visual field between the passing and the receiving attacker may affect performance and gaze behavior as well. Indeed, in one study of eight intermediate-level ARs (Luis et al, 2015), offside decision accuracy was higher when the viewing angle was under 35 • compared to over 35 • . In addition, at a higher angle more errors were made at a short distance, whereas at a smaller angle more errors were made at a long distance.…”

“…Fixating action with ball: In 75% of cases, both referees fixated the same area and mostly the area of action with the ball. But: Field referee > goal referee When referees fixated on different aspects of the game (only 15% of time): When the goal referee fixated on action with ball: Field referee fixated on action without ball Luis et al (2015) were of the same level, and therefore 11 of the 12 reviewed studies are included here. **Did not report performance variables.…”