Components of the essential oil ofAbies nordmanniana

Composition of Essential Oils from Seeds of Abies koreana

“…However, the eight Korean firs tested were of the same age (woods no. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and grown in the same area. The average essential oil yield was 4.9%, which was much higher than those of the needles (0.9-1.0%) and cones (0.42%) reported in the literature [5][6][7][8].…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and grown in the same area. The average essential oil yield was 4.9%, which was much higher than those of the needles (0.9-1.0%) and cones (0.42%) reported in the literature [5][6][7][8]. It is noticeable that the yields from seeds of A. koreana, growing in Poland are not much lower than those of hydrodistilled oils from the seeds of other fir species: Abies maroccana (5.3%, north Morocco), [7] A. nordmanniana (6.0%, Georgia) [8], and A. alba (7.4%, south Poland) [6].…”

Composition of Essential Oil from Seeds and Cones of Abies Alba

“…The higher yield was probably because the seeds from central Poland were ripe, and hand-picked immediately after falling, whereas those from south Poland were collected just before disintegration of the cones. The yield of other Abies species seed oils was also high (5.3% -A. marocana [6], and 6.0% -A. nordmanniana [7]). The yield of essential oil from silver fir cone scales was, however, several times lower (0.75%).…”

“…The seed oil was characterized by a large amount of (-)-limonene (over 70%), but α-pinene, myrcene, and β-pinene were also identified in high amounts. The essential oils from both A. marocana and A. nordmanniana seeds also contain (-)-limonene at the same, very high level (70%) [6,7]. Among the volatiles from A. alba cone scales, the main component was α-pinene, representing nearly 60% of the oil.…”