Components of socioeconomic risk associated with head and neck cancer: A population-based case–control study in Scotland

Conway, David I.; McMahon, Alex D.; Smith, Katrina; Black, Robert B.; Robertson, Gerry; Devine, J.C.; McKinney, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.03.020

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, a growing body of evidence suggests that low SES plays a role in both the likelihood of developing the disease and the manner in which disadvantaged patients seek care. 3 Findings from this study support previous research suggesting that public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low in the UK. Awareness of risks and symptom recognition among oral cancer patients are crucial factors in determining survival rates.…”

Section: Summary Review/oral Cancersupporting

confidence: 81%

Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low

Al-Dakkak¹

2010

Evid Based Dent

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The incidence of oral cancer continues to rise in the UK, especially in Scotland. Most of these cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in extensive treatments, impaired function and poor outcomes. Early diagnosis remains an important predictor of prognosis and survival.The aim of this study was to examine the responses of young oral cancer patients in Scotland to the symptoms of their emerging condition, to understand the ways they seek help and to investigate delay caused by not recognising symptoms associated with oral cancer. This work is the first detailed investigation focusing exclusively on the experiences of young oral cancer patients, their symptom recognition and paths to referral, in Scotland.The study included 15 patients under 45 years of age, who were diagnosed with oral cancer in the three years before the study and resided in central Scotland. The most common cancer site was the tongue, as it was reported in seven participants. In addition, the study population included comparable numbers of men and women, seven and eight, respectively.Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule, which was initially piloted on adult volunteers among oral cancer patients known to the study organisers. Furthermore, a timeline was drawn up for each interviewee to maintain a picture of the chronology of significant events and to enable some analyses of reported delays.To better understand the findings of this study as well as factors pertaining to delays in seeking care, the results will be discussed in light of the Health Belief Model. This model was first developed in the 1950s by a group of U.S. Public Health Service researchers who wanted to explain why so few people were participating in programs to prevent and detect disease. 1 Subsequent amendments to the model were made as late as 1988. The model addresses the individual's perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem (susceptibility, severity), the benefits of avoiding the threat and factors influencing the decision to act (barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy). 2 The following six constructs of the Health Belief Model will be used to examine the perceptions and actions of study participants in terms of controlling their illness.• Perceived susceptibility is the individual's assessment of their risk of getting the condition. In this study, several interviewees, even those who were aware of oral cancer, said that they had not expected their own diagnosis and did not think their symptoms were indicative of cancer.• Perceived severity refers to the patient's belief that the condition has serious consequences. Most study participants (n=12) indicated that they did not, at first, think their symptoms were serious. Most assumed they had a minor condition, such as an abscess or ulcer.• Perceived benefits of taking action to reduce susceptibility to the condition or its severity were not explicitly discussed in this study.Nonetheless, patients' perception that seeing a clinician may not improve their condition or sav...

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Section: Summary Review/oral Cancersupporting

confidence: 81%

Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low

Al-Dakkak¹

2010

Evid Based Dent

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“…With regard to the specific population of patients with tumours in the oral cavity, patients with low social and educational background seem to be overrepresented although little information about this phenomenon is published in the literature (Conway et al, 2009). Another part of this study had the aim of exploring this area with the use of a specially designed questionnaire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quality of life in oral cancer patients – Effects of mandible resection and socio-cultural aspects

Becker

Menzebach

Küchler³

et al. 2012

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…According to Occupational activity also appears to be associated with head and neck cancer development. The study by Conway et al 17 showed that manual occupational activities, low income, low occupational-social class, low educational attainment and unemployment correlate with increased risk of disease development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients in the head and neck surgery department of a university hospital

Ruback¹,

Galbiatti²,

Arantes³

et al. 2012

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Head and neck cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological parameters in a head and neck surgery service. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study using patients' records, developed in otolaryngology and head and neck department of a university hospital in the northwest of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: A total of 995 patients in the head and neck surgery service between January 2000 and May 2010 were evaluated. The variables analyzed included: age, gender, skin color, tobacco and alcohol consumption, primary site, staging and histological tumor type, treatment and number of deaths. RESULTS:The disease was more frequent among men (79.70%), smokers (75.15%) and alcohol abusers (58.25%). The most representative sites were oral cavity (29.65%) and larynx (24.12%) for the primary site; squamous cell carcinoma (84.92%) was the most frequent histological type, and surgery (29.04%) and radiotherapy (14.19%) were the most common treatments. CONCLUSION: The cancer that affects patients assisted by the head and neck surgery service occurs mainly men, smokers and alcohol abusers, and the oral cavity and larynx are the sites with the highest incidence. The high rate of patients with stages III and IV indicates late diagnosis by the treatment centers, which reflects the need for prevention education campaigns for early diagnosis of the disease. RESUMO

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Components of socioeconomic risk associated with head and neck cancer: A population-based case–control study in Scotland

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low

Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low

Quality of life in oral cancer patients – Effects of mandible resection and socio-cultural aspects

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients in the head and neck surgery department of a university hospital

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