Components of moribund American elm trees as attractants to elm bark beetles,Hylurgopinus rufipes andScolytus multistriatus

Abstract

Hylurgopinus rufipes male and female beetles were attracted to American elms infected with Dutch elm disease, and to American elms killed by injection of cacodylic acid.H. rufipes was also attracted to solvent extracts of elm, or to Porapak Q-trapped volatiles from elm. The major components of attractive fractions of Porapak Q-trapped volatiles were isolated, identified, and tested in field bioassays. Several artificially compounded mixtures of sesquiterpenes were attractive toH. rufipes, although no bait tested was as attractive as diseased tree controls. Laboratory bioassays with H. rufipes were marginally successful. In laboratory bioassays, nine of 14 sequiterpenes identified from active fractions of Porapak extracts elicited significant response from Scolytus multistriatus male and female beetles: δ- and γ-cadinene, α-cubebene, γ-muurolene, and β-elemene were most active. However, in field tests, none of the sesquiterpenes alone or in combination significantly attracted S. multistriatus, nor did they significantly enhance the attraction of S. multistriatus to female-produced pheromone components (4-methyl-3-heptanol [H] and α-multistriatin [M]). In other field tests, α-cubebene (C) significantly enhanced response of S. multistriatus to H plus M, but foliage, logs, or chips of healthy elm did not enhance trap catch to HMC.

Biology of the Invasive Banded Elm Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Western United States

“…For (S)-(-)-a-pinene, the slope for S. schevyrewi was greater than for S. multistriatus {F^^yy = 12.26; P< 0.001) (Table 4). This greater response slope for S. schevyrewi may be related to the (-)-a-pinene emissions by elms (Millar et al 1986) and to the stronger response by S. schevyrewi to host kairomones in field tests than by S. multistriatus. For example, flight toward uninfested cut bolts was 15-110-fold greater than toward unbaited controls for S. schevyrewi, and 7.4-25-fold greater for S. multistriatus .…”

“…4 volatiles (ñ)-(-l-)-a-pinene, (S)-(-)-a-pinene, and MB, as well as to the insect-produced volatile 84%-( -)-multistriatin (Table 2). The selection of these stimuli was based on previous research on field flight responses and host volatile content (Millar et al 1986, Negrón et al 2005. Beetles were reared in Davis, GA (Browne 1972), from infested U. pumila logs collected in June 2007 from a green waste pile in Reno.…”

“…Host kairomones are known to be attractive to S. multistriatus ) and other bark beetles ) and also elicit a strong flight response from both sexes of S. schevyrewi . Volatiles released from U. americana include (-)-a-pinene, (-)-ß-elemene, and (-)-a-cubebene (Millar et al 1986), which are common components of commercial baits that can be tested in the field.…”

Chemical Ecology of the Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis

“…These sesquiterpenes have been shown to be potentially important in several other plant-insect systems (Minyard et al 1969;Pearce et al 1975;Lanier et al 1977;McKibben et al 1977;Minks and Van Deventer 1978;Bejer 1979;Flint et al 1979Flint et al , 1981Blight et al 1980;Kamm and Buttery 1983;Millar et al 1986;Vrkočová et al 2000). Sesquiterpenes are notoriously difficult (and expensive) to isolate, identify, and synthesize (Gershenzon 1993), so natural sources were used for lure development and field testing.…”

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil ofShorea RobustaBast

“…These volatiles are important in influencing the host location for numerous phytophagus insects [13,14]. A number of mono [12,15,16] and sesquiterpenoids [17,18] and their oxygenated derivatives [19 -21] have been shown to be effective attractants to several phytophagus insects of Coleoptera. Further, monoterpene alcohols (e.g.…”