Components of hostility as predictors of sudden death and myocardial infarction in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

Dembroski, Théodore M.; MacDougall, James M.; Costa, Paul T.; Grandits, Gregory A

doi:10.1097/00006842-198909000-00003

Cited by 383 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Repetition of the study using other hostility questionnaires (e.g. the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (Cook & Medley, 1954) the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (Buss & Durkee, 1957)) or complementary use of, for example, the Hostility Facet Scoring System (Dembroski et al 1989), might prove more comprehensive. It would be desirable to supplement the evidence so far obtained with findings indicating extents to which, e.g.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that hostility contributes to various health problems and diseases (Barefoot et al 1983(Barefoot et al , 1989Shekelle et al 1983 ;Smith & Frohm, 1985 ;Dembroski et al 1989 ;Romanov et al 1994 ;Miller et al 1996). Although findings are not wholly consistent, most research results suggest that hostile individuals are at greater risk of coronary heart disease (Ostfeld et al 1964 ;Barefoot et al 1983 ;Koskenvuo et al 1988 ;Julkunen et al 1994) and that hostility also causes minor health problems (Houston & Kelly, 1989 ;Chen & Spector, 1992 ;Siegler et al 1992 ;Kivima$ ki et al 1996 ;Vahtera et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of hostile individuals to stressful change in their working lives: test of a psychosocial vulnerability model

et al. 1998

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Background. According to the psychosocial vulnerability model, the health of hostile individuals is at greater risk than that of non-hostile individuals, due partly to lesser ability of the former to cope with psychosocial stress situations. We examined whether hostile individuals were more vulnerable than others to health problems when faced with stressful changes in their working lives. Methods. Hostility, sickness absence and psychosocial stressors in 866 local government employees over a 5-year period, which included severe economic decline, were investigated. Hostility was measured by a questionnaire. Data on medically certified sickness absence were obtained from the records of the local authority. Information about exposure to psychosocial stressors after assessment of hostility was also derived from these records, and from reports from the subjects. Results. Exposure to stressors during the period of economic decline was related to increased rates of sickness absence. In men, hostility increased risk of sickness absence after exposure to stressors only in cases of absence because of trauma. In women, hostility increased risk of absence through sickness overall and absence because of musculoskeletal disorders in individuals facing stressors such as severe organizational downsizing, high or increased levels of job demands or negative change in work. Findings were adjusted for sickness absence at the beginning of the decline, socioeconomic background and behavioural risk factors. Conclusions. The psychosocial vulnerability model was partly supported. However, heightened vulnerability through hostility may differ between the sexes, since it was more evident in the women studied than in the men.

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Section: Conclusion and Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of hostile individuals to stressful change in their working lives: test of a psychosocial vulnerability model

et al. 1998

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“…However it soon appeared that the findings were inconsistent and unstable and that TABP, as it was originally defined, could not be considered a reliable predictor of CHD (Matthews, 1988). Subsequent research has shown that, among the multiple elements encompassed in the TABP, only the emotional and attitudinal components such as anger, hostility and aggressiveness ('the AHA syndrome') contribute to the prediction of CHD incidence; and so the focus of research has changed from TABP to hostility, and to anger (Dembroski et al, 1989;Matthews, 1988;Palmero et al, 2001;Siegman and Smith, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Anger: Genetic Dominance or Competitive Sibling Interaction

Rebollo

Boomsma

2006

Behav Genet

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The knowledge of the causes and development of anger is still scarce. Previous studies on the sources of variance on Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) related measures found variable heritability estimates ranging from 0.12 to 0.68, and large differences between MZ and DZ correlations. Some authors considered dominance genetic effects, competitive sibling interaction and sex differences as possible mechanisms to explain the results, but most studies lacked power. The present study uses a large sample of more than 2500 families, with longitudinal data from MZ and DZ pairs as well as their parents, to disentangle the sources of variance on anger. Model Fitting results showed that the sources of variance differ across sexes. For males 23% of the variance is due to additive genetic effects, and 26% to dominance genetic effects. For females 34% of the variance is due to additive genetic effects, and no dominance effects are found. There was no consistent evidence to confirm the presence of competitive sibling interaction as an alternative explanation for the low correlations in DZ males. The focus of research on the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk through psychological characteristics has recently changed from the multidimensional TABP to its emotional component: Anger. Understanding the sources of individual differences on anger can help to clarify the mechanisms that link it with CHD and its possible implications for treatment and prevention.

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“…The Anger Expression scales (Spielberger et al, 1985), and Framingham Anger Reaction or Expression Scales (Haynes, Feinleib et al 1980;Eaker, Pinsky et al 1992 has elements of hostile cynicism and anger affect , although it primarily assesses antagonistic expression (Dembroski, MacDougall et al 1989). In addition, the same questionnaires identified as measures of anger and hostility by some authors are described as measures of aggression by others (Felsten and Hill 1999).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

Torquato¹,

Souza²,

Iosifescu³

et al. 2012

Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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The mix of concepts: Hostility, anger, aggression and other negative affectOver the past decades, a large number of studies have investigated the association between negative affect and coronary heart disease (CHD). Many were cross-sectional case-control studies, which have been criticized for the recall bias of the CHD diagnosis and for the memory distortion (Chida and Steptoe 2009). More recently, several prospective longitudinal studies with more rigorous methodology have also been developed. Notwithstanding, results from this studies are not homogeneous, with both positive and negative results. Although more rigorous in their methodology, the prospective studies use www.intechopen.com Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Factors 416 diverse and partially overlapping concepts to define negative affect associated with CHD (Table 1). Since each study analyzes only a single psychological construct at a time and since these concepts are only partially overlapping, it is not surprising to note the conflicting results in the literature. In addition, the single-factor approach ignores the clustering of psychosocial risk factors for physical disease, which may act synergistically (Suls and Bunde 2005). Another view, from a twin-designed study, is that some of this negative affect concepts may have a single common genetic factor and a nonshared environmental factor, i.e., enviroments uncorrelated between twins, such as accidents. (Raynor, Pogue-Geile et al. 2002). Type Some authors have proposed that anger, hostility and aggression should be considered a syndrome and other include anger and hostility in the concept of aggression. For others, hostility is characterized by interrelated elements of cynical beliefs and attributions, angry emotional states, and aggressive or antagonistic behaviors. Martin et al. advocate for the standardization of these concepts emphasizing that anger corresponds to affect, aggression to behavior, and hostility (or cynicism) to cognition. Together the three constructs form a three-factor "ABC" model of trait anger (Martin, Watson et al. 2000).Aside from hostility, anger and aggression, VE and distressed personality are more complex concepts. Although they overlap partially, these constructs include specific patterns and aspects not captured by general scales for hostility, anger and aggression. Last but not least, the concept of negative affectivity posits that these symptoms represent markers of a trait www.intechopen.com Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease 417 characterized by hypersensitivity to negative stimuli (Watson and Clark 1984) and the concept of negative emotions postulate the existence of a continuum across these affective states. Depression: The mix beyond the negative affectsBeyond negative affect, depression and, secondarily, anxiety have the strongest evidence for associations with CHD, even after controlling for traditional CHD risk factors, such as serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking. Intriguingly, as it ...

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Components of hostility as predictors of sudden death and myocardial infarction in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

Cited by 383 publications

References 20 publications

Response of hostile individuals to stressful change in their working lives: test of a psychosocial vulnerability model

Response of hostile individuals to stressful change in their working lives: test of a psychosocial vulnerability model

Genetic Analysis of Anger: Genetic Dominance or Competitive Sibling Interaction

Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

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