Components of almond hulls: possible navel orangeworm attractants and growth inhibitors

Buttery, Ron G.; Soderstrom, Edwin L.; Seifert, Richard; Ling, Louisa C.; Haddon, William

doi:10.1021/jf60228a025

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…11,19 Notable differences between the work performed by Buttery et al, 11 which evaluated VOCs from almond hulls, and the VOCs collected in the present study were the detection here of numerous four-carbon ester and ketone as well as alcohol derivatives. Specific examples were the compounds that also showed a general increase in amounts between the CTRL and DMG almond VOCs, namely 2-butanol, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl 2-butenoate, ethyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate, ethyl tiglate and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…The VOCs noted to occur during fungal growth, particularly Aspergillus species, are 2-methyland 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-pentylfuran, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone. 25,26 In addition to its previously reported occurrence in almonds, 11,19 it should be noted that 1-octen-3-ol is also a plant volatile of numerous plants, including genera of the Orchidaceae, as well as a semiochemical for several different insects. 2-Pentylfuran is also an Orchidaceae plant volatile, but to a much lesser extent (The Pherobase, www.pherobase.com, accessed 22 August 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…9 Investigations on VOCs from almonds report the detection of 2-hexyl-3-methylmaleic anhydride 10 and various alkane, alkene, alkanol, aromatic and furan VOCs. 11 However, a search of the literature does not provide examples of VOC emission as a result of injury to the almond. As part of our ongoing efforts to address the concerns regarding NOW, our labs investigated the VOC output of mechanically damaged (DMG) almonds from the Monterey variety and compared the VOC fingerprint with that of undamaged (CTRL) almonds to ascertain what VOCs, if any, were unique to DMG almonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of volatile emissions from undamaged and mechanically damaged almonds

Beck

Higbee²,

Merrill

et al. 2008

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: The navel orangeworm (NOW) Amyelois transitella (Walker) is a major insect pest of almonds causing considerable monetary setbacks for both growers and processors, and thus control of NOW is one of the top priorities for the almond industry. Field observations purport that NOW is attracted to previously injured almonds. Accordingly, in this study the volatile output of damaged almonds was investigated in an effort to identify potential attractants for further studies into the control and/or monitoring of NOW. Mature almonds from the Monterey variety were evaluated for their volatile composition after mechanical damage and compared with the volatile composition of undamaged almonds.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of volatile emissions from undamaged and mechanically damaged almonds

Beck

Higbee²,

Merrill

et al. 2008

J Sci Food Agric

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“…The annual production of almond hulls is currently in excess of 600000 tons (1.2 billion pounds), with this product mainly used as livestock feed. Previous studies by Buttery et al (1980) had revealed that direct extraction of almond hulls with diethyl ether gave a white solid (1-1.5% of the hulls) having mass and infrared spectra quite similar to those of oleanolic acid. Triterpenoids such as oleanolic acid and ursolic acid occur especially in the waxy coatings of leaves and on fruits such as apple and pear and may serve as insect antifeedants and antimicrobial agents (Harborne, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identification of Three Triterpenoids in Almond Hulls

Takeoka

Dao

Teranishi

et al. 2000

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Three triterpenoids, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid, were isolated as their methyl esters (treatment with diazomethane) from diethyl ether extracts of almond hulls (Nonpareil variety) using flash chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The triterpenoids, which comprised approximately 1% of the hulls, were characterized using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. These studies demonstrate that almond hulls are a rich source of these triterpenoids, which have reported anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer activities.

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“…Glycosylated flavonols such as rhamnetin or isorhamnetin glycosides, quercetin glycosides, kaempferol glycosides [1, 7] and chlorogenic acid and their derivatives [5] have been identified in the extracts of almond hulls. Volatile constituents of the almond hulls have also been studied [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hulls of Prunus dulcis Nuts

Qureshi

Numonov

Aisa

2019

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Researchers have shown that the almond hulls, normally wasted after utilization of nuts, contain a number of biologically active compounds based on which the present study has been carried out. Focus is placed on the mass spectrometric determination of the analytes along with the estimation of total polyphenolic and total flavonoid contents in the 70% ethanol extract. After partitioning the 70% ethanol extract in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, all the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. The results delivered total polyphenolic compounds as gallic acid equivalents (1% w/w) of the dried extract and total flavonoid contents as quercetin equivalents (0.2% w/w) of the dried extract. Mass spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of 15 compounds containing various derivatives of (epi)catechin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and their glycosides, ursolic acid, amygdalactone, and benzoic acid derivatives. Antioxidant activity experiments showed that highest activity was found in n-butanol extract among the studied samples with IC50 value as 76.04 μg/ml, while hexane and chloroform extracts were active against the PTP1B enzyme with IC50 values 9.66 μg/ml and 37.95 μg/ml, respectively. Hexane and chloroform fractions were active against Staphylococcus aureus with the zone of inhibition diameter 9 mm and 12 mm, respectively.

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Components of almond hulls: possible navel orangeworm attractants and growth inhibitors

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of volatile emissions from undamaged and mechanically damaged almonds

Comparison of volatile emissions from undamaged and mechanically damaged almonds

Identification of Three Triterpenoids in Almond Hulls

Chemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hulls of Prunus dulcis Nuts

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