Component analysis for optimal leakage management in Madaba, Jordan

Aboelnga, Hassan Tolba; Saidan, Motasem N.; Al‐Weshah, Radwan A.; Sturm, Michael; Ribbe, Lars; Frechen, Franz-Bernd

doi:10.2166/aqua.2018.180

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Jordan is a semi-arid country with scarce fresh water resources and relatively limited agricultural activities [1,2]. Currently, Jordan is ranked second in the world in water scarcity [3][4][5]. Therefore, the biomass availability in arid and semi-arid regions can be considered to be relatively low compared with non-arid regions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Co-Digestion of Municipal Food Waste and Wastewater Sludge at Refugee Camps Using an Automated Methane Potential Test System

et al. 2018

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The potential benefits of the application of a circular economy—converting biomass at Za'atari Syrian refugee camps into energy—was investigated in this study. Representative organic waste and sludge samples were collected from the camp, mixed in different ratios, and analyzed in triplicate for potential biogas yield. Numerous calorific tests were also carried out. The tangential benefit of the co-digestion that was noticed was that it lowered the value of the total solid content in the mixture to the recommended values for wet digestion without the need for freshwater. To test the potential methane production, the automated methane potential test system (AMPTS) and the graduated tubes in the temperature-controlled climate room GB21 were utilized. Also, calorific values were determined for the organic waste and sludge on both a dry and a wet basis. The maximum biogas production from 100% organic waste and 100% sludge using AMPTS was 153 m3 ton-1 and 5.6 m3 ton-1, respectively. Methane yield reached its maximum at a Vs sub/ Vs inoculum range of 0.25–0.3. In contrast, the methane yield decreased when the Vs sub/ Vs inoculum exceeded 0.46. The optimum ratio of mixing of municipal food waste to sludge must be carefully selected to satisfy the demands of an energy production pilot plant and avoid the environmental issues associated with the sludge amount at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A possible ratio to start with is 60–80% organic waste, which can produce 21–65 m3· biogas ton-1 fresh matter (FM). The co-digestion of organic waste and sludge can generate 38 Nm3/day of methane, which, in theory, can generate about 4 MW in remote refugee camps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Co-Digestion of Municipal Food Waste and Wastewater Sludge at Refugee Camps Using an Automated Methane Potential Test System

et al. 2018

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Section: Understanding the Urban Water Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermittent water supply can cause severe urban water insecurity, with water quality degradation and public health problems, increased leakage and accelerated wear and tear, illegal uses, lowered service quality, and ineffective demand management [69][70][71]. The key to developing an assessment framework for urban water security is gaining a better understanding of the urban water system and the factors that influence its insecurity.…”

Section: Understanding the Urban Water Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This diagnostic has been elaborated in a recent papers [71,72], which outlined conducting a water balance in the case of a water-scarce city (Madaba, Jordan): Measuring inflow and outflow and examining the causes of the high level of water losses in the distribution network, the vulnerabilities of the water system that cause insecurity, water-related risks, and emerging water-related issues, such as intermittent water supply in the context of changing climate and increasing demand.…”

Section: Understanding the Urban Water Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study offered recommendations to reduce the physical losses as an important component of water losses that affect urban water security through an infrastructure, repair, economic, awareness, and pressure (IREAP) framework as a way of systematically engaging the non-revenue water (NRW) challenge in Jordan [71].…”

Section: Understanding the Urban Water Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Water Security: Definition and Assessment Framework

et al. 2019

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Achieving urban water security is a major challenge for many countries. While several studies have assessed water security at a regional level, many studies have also emphasized the lack of assessment of water security and application of measures to achieve it at the urban level. Recent studies that have focused on measuring urban water security are not holistic, and there is still no agreed-upon understanding of how to operationalize and identify an assessment framework to measure the current state and dynamics of water security. At present, there is also no clearly defined and widely endorsed definition of urban water security. To address this challenge, this study provides a systematic approach to better understand urban water security, with a working definition and an assessment framework to be applied in peri-urban and urban areas. The proposed working definition of urban water security is based on the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal on water and sanitation and the human rights on water and sanitation. It captures issues of urban-level technical, environmental, and socio-economic indicators that emphasize credibility, legitimacy, and salience. The assessment framework depends on four main dimensions to achieve urban water security: Drinking water and human beings, ecosystem, climate change and water-related hazards, and socio-economic factors (DECS). The framework further enables the analysis of relationships and trade-off between urbanization and water security, as well as between DECS indicators. Applying this framework will help governments, policy-makers, and water stakeholders to target scant resources more effectively and sustainably. The study reveals that achieving urban water security requires a holistic and integrated approach with collaborative stakeholders to provide a meaningful way to improve understanding and managing urban water security.

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