Abstract:Musculoskeletal (MSK) intervention has proliferated in recent years among various subspecialties in medicine. Despite advancements in image guidance and percutaneous technique, the risk of complication has not been fully eliminated. Overall, complications in MSK interventions are rare, with bleeding and infection the most common encountered. Other complications are even rarer. This article reviews various complications unique to musculoskeletal interventions, assists the reader in understanding where pitfalls … Show more
“…The reader is referred to several prior Seminars in Interventional Radiology articles for further information regarding vertebral augmentation techniques. [67][68][69][70][71] Fig . 11 Successive fractures and vertebroplasties in a 68-year-old female.…”
Percutaneous vertebral augmentation/consolidation techniques are varied. These are vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and several methods with percutaneous introduction of an implant (associated or not with cement injection). They are proposed in painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures and traumatic fractures. The objectives are to consolidate the fracture and, if possible, to restore the height of the vertebral body to reduce vertebral and regional kyphosis. Stabilization of the fracture leads to a reduction in pain and thus restores the spinal support function as quickly as possible, which is particularly important in the elderly. The effectiveness of these interventions on fracture pain was challenged once by two randomized trials comparing vertebroplasty to a sham intervention. Since then, many other randomized studies in support of vertebroplasty efficacy have been published. International recommendations reserve vertebroplasty for medical treatment failures on pain, but earlier positioning may be debatable if the objective is to limit kyphotic deformity or even reexpand the vertebral body. Recent data suggest that in osteoporotic fracture, the degree of kyphosis reduction achieved by kyphoplasty and percutaneous implant techniques, compared with vertebroplasty, is not sufficient to justify the additional cost and the use of a somewhat longer and traumatic procedure. In young patients with acute traumatic fractures and a significant kyphotic angle, kyphoplasty and percutaneous implant techniques are preferred to vertebroplasty, as in these cases a deformity reduction has a significant positive impact on the clinical outcome.
“…The reader is referred to several prior Seminars in Interventional Radiology articles for further information regarding vertebral augmentation techniques. [67][68][69][70][71] Fig . 11 Successive fractures and vertebroplasties in a 68-year-old female.…”
Percutaneous vertebral augmentation/consolidation techniques are varied. These are vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and several methods with percutaneous introduction of an implant (associated or not with cement injection). They are proposed in painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures and traumatic fractures. The objectives are to consolidate the fracture and, if possible, to restore the height of the vertebral body to reduce vertebral and regional kyphosis. Stabilization of the fracture leads to a reduction in pain and thus restores the spinal support function as quickly as possible, which is particularly important in the elderly. The effectiveness of these interventions on fracture pain was challenged once by two randomized trials comparing vertebroplasty to a sham intervention. Since then, many other randomized studies in support of vertebroplasty efficacy have been published. International recommendations reserve vertebroplasty for medical treatment failures on pain, but earlier positioning may be debatable if the objective is to limit kyphotic deformity or even reexpand the vertebral body. Recent data suggest that in osteoporotic fracture, the degree of kyphosis reduction achieved by kyphoplasty and percutaneous implant techniques, compared with vertebroplasty, is not sufficient to justify the additional cost and the use of a somewhat longer and traumatic procedure. In young patients with acute traumatic fractures and a significant kyphotic angle, kyphoplasty and percutaneous implant techniques are preferred to vertebroplasty, as in these cases a deformity reduction has a significant positive impact on the clinical outcome.
“…The reader is referred to multiple prior Seminars in Interventional Radiology articles for further information regarding complications involving cement applications. [70][71][72] References…”
The technical art to percutaneous injection of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement for the palliative treatment of osseous metastases is not without pitfalls. Pathologic fracture, cortical bone erosion, large lytic tumor, aggressive tumor biology, and tumor vascularity may increase the risk of cement leakage or limit complete consolidation. A calculated and determined approach is often necessary to achieve satisfactory patient-tailored results. This article reviews the challenges and potential complications during the consolidation of osseous metastases. Case examples are presented to facilitate early detection of impending cement leakage, minimize procedural risks, and provide management suggestions for complications. Technical pearls are provided to refine consolidative techniques and improve the comprehensive treatment of painful osseous metastases.
“…The dangers of opioid analgesics are well known and include dependence, dangerous side effects including respiratory depression, fatality from drug overdose, and high incidence of concomitant illicit drug use [17]. Moreover, when used to treat new diagnoses of lower back pain, opioid analgesics result in longer recovery times, increased serious adverse events, and greater healthcare utilization (emergency room visits and hospitalizations) compared to non-opioid analgesics [18].…”
Section: Epidemiology Of Musculoskeletal Conditions and Injuriesmentioning
This chapter will introduce the clinician to the quickly expanding field of musculoskeletal-focused digital apps (MDA), with an eye towards helping the clinician select and recommend MDAs for optimal patient care. MDAs are increasingly being used for physical therapy and rehabilitation, telehealth, pain management, behavioral health, and remote patient monitoring. The COVID-19 pandemic has vastly accelerated the adoption of telehealth and digital health apps by patients and clinicians, and the digital health field will only continue to expand as developers increasingly harness artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities, coupled with precision medicine capabilities that integrate personal health data tracking and genomics insights. Here we begin with an overview of several types of MDA, before discussing the epidemiology of musculoskeletal conditions and injuries, clinical considerations in selecting a digital health solution, payor reimbursement for digital apps, and regulatory oversight of digital health apps.
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