Compliance with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) among Balearic Islands' Adolescents and Its Association with Socioeconomic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors

Abstract

Background and Aims: To assess the compliance levels of adolescents in the Balearic Islands with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED Index) and to assess its associations with socioeconomic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (n = 1,231; 12-17 years) carried out in 2007-2008. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was evaluated using the KIDMED Index. Body composition, body image, socioeconomic factors, and physical activity were also assessed. Results: Around 30% of adolescents showed high adherence to MedDiet and 15.7% showed poor adherence. More boys (32.0%) than girls (25.2%) showed high adherence to MedDiet. However, the proportion of adolescents who were reported to skip breakfast was higher among girls than boys (30.0 vs. 19.2%, respectively). The OR for poor adherence to MedDiet was higher in adolescents who usually attend mass media during mealtime, in boys eating ≤3 occasions/day, and in physically inactive girls. In boys, poor adherence to MedDiet was associated with lower OR in the age range 12-13 and in those who wished to have a thin body shape. In girls, high parental educational level, time spent on media <2 h/day and eating breakfast regularly were also associated with lower OR for poor adherence to MedDiet. Conclusions: A high percentage of adolescents in Balearic Islands showed poor adherence to MedDiet.

Parental adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with their adolescents´ cereals intake

“…MD adherence widely varied within Mediterranean countries, with large differences also existing among various European countries, while few data are available for non-Mediterranean countries. Similar to our study, studies conducted in Spain, Italy and Greece have confirmed that the majority of children belong to the group of medium adherence to MD (Serra-Majem, 2004;Mariscal-Arcas et al, 2009;Del Mar Bibiloni et al, 2016). To get the insight into the consumption of cereals and bakery products group, the questions dealing with these food groups were extracted from the KIDMED questionnaire and the data obtained are summarized in Fig.…”

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Maltese Adults

“…This result is generally in line with previous studies conducted in Mediterranean islands [33,[35][36][37] and for the first time reported concerning the Maltese population. Younger generations have been often reported to be less likely to follow a Mediterranean dietary pattern [38][39][40][41][42][43]. The globalization process and the so-called "Westernization" of the diets have led to a slow, yet growing abandonment of traditional dietary habits in the Mediterranean countries together with the introduction of high-calorie, nutrient-poor ultra-processed foods [44].…”

Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y su influencia en la condición física en niños de 3 a 6 años (Adherence to the mediterranean diet and how it can influence in the physical fitness of 3 to 6-year-old children)

“…4.46 ± 3.63 4.10 ± 3.24 0.712 0.10 4.51 ± 3.78 2.98 ± 4.17 0.233 0.39 Salto de longitud (cm) 71.6 ±24.0 59.0 ± 27.1 0.081 0.50 69.4 ± 23.2 58.3 ± 25.3 0.158 0.46 Flamenco derecha (s) 14.2 ± 21.6 6.65 ± 9.18 0.281 0.31 13.5 ± 13.3 7.76 ± 7.16 0.126 0.50 Flamenco izquierda (s) 12.0 ± 15.4 11.2 ± 20.2 0.861 0.05 11.9 ± 15.5 8.12 ± 7.16 0.378 0.29 Gateo (s) 13.0 ± 3.19 16.8 ± 5.45 0.002 -0.92 14.0 ± 4.09 16.6 ± 6.70 0.130 -0.50 Velocidad 4x10 (s) 16.0 ± 2.13 15.4 ± 3.35 0.055 -0.55 16.7 ± 3.32 18.7 ± 3.46 0.077 -0.58 CN (nº de estadio) 2.19 ± 1.22 2.13 ± 1.35 0.854 0.05 2.24 ± 1.77 1.67 ± 0.81 0.244 0.38 ADM: Adherencia Dieta Mediterránea; CN: Course Navette; DMD: Dinamometría manual derecha; DMI: Dinamometría manual izquierda; ES: Effect Size -Tamaño del efecto; IMC: Índice de Masa Corporal; PC: Perímetro de la Cintura En un inicio, destaca como no existen sujetos con baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Esto es un aspecto relevante, ya que, en estudios con muestras con una edad mayor, hay una tendencia a la presencia de este grupo (Cömert, Cerkez, Tekin, Aydogan & Essiz, 2015;Bibiloni, Pons & Tur, 2015;Barja-Fernández, Pino, Portela & Leis, 2019). Los motivos no se han analizado en el presente trabajo, aunque se ha evidenciado que según avanza la edad y los sujetos tienen mayor autonomía, suelen desarrollar hábitos menos saludables en cuanto a alimentación (Grosso, et al, 2013;Grao-Cruces, et al, 2013).…”