Compliance of a Generic Type 3 WT Model with the Spanish Grid Code

Abstract

The expansion of wind power around the world poses a new challenge that network operators must overcome, namely the integration of this renewable energy source into the grid. Comprehensive analyses involving time-domain simulations must be carried out to plan network operation and ensure power supply. In light of the above, and with the aim of extending the use of the wind turbine models developed by Standard IEC 61400-27-1 and assessing their performance according to national grid code requirements, an IEC Type 3 wind turbine model has been submitted for the first time to Spanish grid code PO 12.3. Indeed, there is a lack of studies submitting generic wind turbine models to national grid code requirements. The model’s behavior is compared with field measurements of an actual Gamesa G52 machine and with its detailed simulation model. The outcomes obtained have been comprehensively analyzed and the results of the validation criteria highlight that several modeling modifications, in the cases of non-compliance, must be implemented in the IEC-developed Type 3 model in order to comply with PO 12.3. Nevertheless, the results also show that when the transformer inrush current is not considered, the reactive power response of the generic Type 3 WT model meets the validation criteria, thus complying with Spanish PO 12.3.

Submission of a WECC DFIG Wind Turbine Model to Spanish Operation Procedure 12.3

“…In view of the above, due to the lack of studies addressing the submission of the generic WT models to national grid code requirements, which typically differ by country [26] and require validated wind-turbine models to comply with their own interconnection agreements, Reference [16] submitted, for the first time, the generic IEC model to a national grid code. It is, therefore, necessary to complement the work begun in Reference [16] and to submit the generic Type 3 WT model defined by the WECC to a specific national grid code, thus expanding the scope of application of this international guideline and the usability of these generic WT models, also analyzing their limitations. Figure 1 shows the main control models that are part of the generic Type 3 WECC model.…”

“…To carry out this work, the PPVC technical document was prepared, drawing on the active and reactive power responses of different WTs in operation, as well as the active and reactive current responses, mainly during fault and post-fault periods. This allowed the fault ride-through capability requirements to be set, thus developing the PVVC guidelines, the different editions of which may be consulted in Reference [16].…”

“…11), released in September 2018, is that followed in the present work. As stated in Reference [16], and following the general verification procedure issued by the PVVC [12] (the flowcharts defining the stages for the verification process may be consulted in Reference [14,15]), a three-step process must be followed. First, the wind turbine is tested, second, the wind turbine model is validated, and, third, the wind farm is simulated.…”

“…Previous works related to the application of the Spanish grid code, such as References [14,15], perform the complete process of verification and validation of a particular WPP in Spain following the PVVC guidelines, in addition to applying different voltage dips to the actual WTs and analyzing their response according to PO 12.3. However, the present contribution is aimed at complementing the work previously conducted in Reference [16], in which a generic IEC-developed Type 3 WT simulation model was submitted to the Spanish PO 12.3. Thus, the present work addresses the submission of the Type 3 WT model defined by the WECC Second Generation of Wind Turbine Models technical document to the Spanish national grid code requirements.…”

Implementation of IEC 61400-27-1 Type 3 Model: Performance Analysis under Different Modeling Approaches

“…To carry out this work, transient stability analyses of WTs [5] and wind power plants (WPP) [6] dynamic models are required. These types of analyses will allow the electrical responses of the models, once connected to the grid, to be forecasted [7].…”