Complexity Matching: Restoring the Complexity of Locomotion in Older People Through Arm-in-Arm Walking

Almurad, Zainy M.H.; Roume, Clément; Blain, Hubert; Delignières, Didier

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01766

Cited by 38 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In humans, the capacity to restore a degraded postural complexity in aged people has been shown following mind–body interventions [ 4 , 7 , 9 ]. As well, walking arm-in-arm has recently been shown as an efficient way to restore walking complexity among older-aged individuals [ 52 ]. For years, degraded complexity markers (fractal or entropy metrics) in physiological signal outputs have been associated with impaired physiological control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Entropy of Cardiac and Postural Control Reflects a Flexible Adaptation to a Cognitive Task

Blons

Arsac

Gilfriche

et al. 2019

Entropy

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In humans, physiological systems involved in maintaining stable conditions for health and well-being are complex, encompassing multiple interactions within and between system components. This complexity is mirrored in the temporal structure of the variability of output signals. Entropy has been recognized as a good marker of systems complexity, notably when calculated from heart rate and postural dynamics. A degraded entropy is generally associated with frailty, aging, impairments or diseases. In contrast, high entropy has been associated with the elevated capacity to adjust to an ever-changing environment, but the link is unknown between entropy and the capacity to cope with cognitive tasks in a healthy young to middle-aged population. Here, we addressed classic markers (time and frequency domains) and refined composite multiscale entropy (MSE) markers (after pre-processing) of heart rate and postural sway time series in 34 participants during quiet versus cognitive task conditions. Recordings lasted 10 min for heart rate and 51.2 s for upright standing, providing time series lengths of 500–600 and 2048 samples, respectively. The main finding was that entropy increased during cognitive tasks. This highlights the possible links between our entropy measures and the systems complexity that probably facilitates a control remodeling and a flexible adaptability in our healthy participants. We conclude that entropy is a reliable marker of neurophysiological complexity and adaptability in autonomic and somatic systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Entropy of Cardiac and Postural Control Reflects a Flexible Adaptation to a Cognitive Task

Blons

Arsac

Gilfriche

et al. 2019

Entropy

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“…Walking in synchrony is a subject of significant interest for its therapeutic effects (Zivotofsky and Hausdorff, 2007;Engelhard, 2018). A remarkably interesting result is illustrated in Almurad et al (2018), a sequel to the earlier work of Almurad et al (2017). Senior individuals, with problems in walking and balance, interpreted as a lack of physiological complexity, participated in a longitudinal training program of synchronized walking, with young experimenters.…”

Section: Introduction: Walking Together As a Form Of Therapeutic Syncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Periodicity and Synchronization

2020

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A recent experiment proves the therapeutic effect of arm-in-arm walking, showing that if an aged participant walks in close synchrony with a young companion, the complexity matching effect results in the restoration of complexity in the former. A clear manifestation of complexity restoration is a perfect synchronization. The authors of this interesting experiment leave open two important problems. The first is the measure of complexity that is interpreted as a degree of multifractality. The second problem is the lack of a theoretical derivation of synchronization, which is experimentally observed with no theoretical derivation. The main goal of this paper is to establish a physiological foundation of these important results based on the recent advances on the dynamics of the brain, interpreted as a system at criticality. Criticality is a phenomenon requiring the cooperative interaction of units, the neurons of the brain, and is hypothesized as the main source of cognition. Using the criticality-induced intelligence, we define complexity as a property of crucial events, a form of temporal complexity, and we prove that the perfect synchronization is due to the interaction between the two systems, with the more complex system restoring the temporal complexity of the less complex system. The phenomenon of temporal complexity is characterized by ergodicity breaking that has made it difficult in the past to derive the perfect synchronization generated by complexity matching. For this reason, we supplement the main result of this paper with a comparison between complexity matching and complexity management.

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“…According to a recent study, it could be an interchange of information between older adults and staff that is accomplished through the matching of the fractal properties of stride intervals; the most complex system (staff) may attract the less complex (participants), yielding in an increase of complexity in the older adult that could be re ected on the gait patterns [97]. We do not know how these limitations could affect our intervention.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-of-falling related outcomes improved in community-dwelling older adults after a 6-week sideways walking intervention: a feasibility and pilot study

Skiadopoulos

Stergiou

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAging increases fall risk and alters gait mechanics and control. Our previous work has identified sideways walking as a potential training regimen to decrease fall risk by improving frontal plane control in older adults’ gait. The purposes of this pilot study were to test the feasibility of sideways walking as an exercise intervention and to explore its preliminary effects on risk-of-falling related outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a 6-week single-arm intervention pilot study. Participants were community-dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years old with walking ability. Key exclusion criteria were neuromusculoskeletal and cardiovascular disorders that affect gait. Individualized sideways walking intervention carried out under close supervision in a 200 m indoor walking track (3 days∙week− 1). Recruitment and retention capability, safety, and fidelity of intervention delivery were recorded. We also collected (open-label) walking speed, gait variability, self-reported and performance-based functional measures to assess participants’ risk-of-falling at baseline and post-intervention: immediate, and 6 weeks after the completion of the intervention.ResultsOver a 7-month period, 42 individuals expressed interest, 21 assessed for eligibility (21/42), and 15 consented to participate (15/21). Most of the potential participants were reluctant to commit to a 6-week intervention. Desired recruitment rate was achieved after revising the recruitment strategy. One participant dropped out (1/15). Remaining participants demonstrated excellent adherence to the protocol. Participants improved on most outcomes and the effects remained at follow-up. No serious adverse events were recorded during the intervention.ConclusionOur 6-week sideways walking training was feasible to deliver and demonstrated strong potential as an exercise intervention to improve risk-of-falling outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. In a future trial, alternative clinical tools should be considered to minimize the presence of ceiling/floor effects. A future large trial is needed to confirm sideways walking as a fall prevention intervention.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04505527. Retrospectively registered 10 August 2020.Trial fundingCenter for Research in Human Movement Variability, National Institutes for Health, University of Nebraska Collaboration Initiative.

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Complexity Matching: Restoring the Complexity of Locomotion in Older People Through Arm-in-Arm Walking

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Multiscale Entropy of Cardiac and Postural Control Reflects a Flexible Adaptation to a Cognitive Task

Multiscale Entropy of Cardiac and Postural Control Reflects a Flexible Adaptation to a Cognitive Task

Complex Periodicity and Synchronization

Risk-of-falling related outcomes improved in community-dwelling older adults after a 6-week sideways walking intervention: a feasibility and pilot study

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