Complexity Analysis of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnostic Implications

Fernández, Alberto; Quintero, Javier; Hornero, Roberto; Zuluaga, Pilar; Navas, Marta; Gómez, Carlos; Escudero, Javier; García-Campos, Natalia; Biederman, Joseph; Alonso, Tomás Ortiz

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.046

Cited by 89 publications

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“…No significant differences in terms of age were found between males (42.26 ± 21.08) and females (45.11 ± 22.05). All participants included in the current investigation have been described in some of our previous studies (Fernández et al, 2002;Fernández et al, 2009;Fernández et al, 2010;Fernández et al, 2011a;Méndez et al, 2011;Solesio et al, 2009). …”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, statistical analyses were performed with 148 LZC scores per subject. As in previous studies (Fernández et al, 2009;Fernández et al, 2010;Fernández et al, 2011a;Méndez et al, 2011), the initial 148 LZC values were averaged into five regions: anterior, central, left lateral, right lateral and posterior, which are included as default sensor groups in the 4D-neuroimaging source analysis software (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Meg Data Reduction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LZC has been used to analyse EEG and MEG signals in patients with Alzheimer's disease Fernández et al, 2010;Gómez et al, 2006), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Fernández et al, 2009), depression and schizophrenia (Li et al, 2008;Fernández et al, 2011a;Méndez et al, 2011;) as well as to measure the depth of anaesthesia (Zhang et al, 2001), or to study epileptic seizures (Radhakrishnan and Gangadhar, 1998). The increasing clinical use of LZC and other estimates of oscillatory complexity is the main reason to carry out a normative study where the 'normal' behaviour of complexity values is defined according to age and gender influences in a large population.…”

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Brain oscillatory complexity across the life span

Fernández

Zuluaga

Abásolo

et al. 2012

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: Considering the increasing use of complexity estimates in neuropsychiatric populations, a normative study is critical to define the 'normal' behaviour of brain oscillatory complexity across the life span. Method:This study examines changes in resting-state magnetoencephalogram (MEG) complexity -quantified with the Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) algorithm -due to age and gender in a large sample of 222 (100 males/122 females) healthy participants with ages ranging from 7 to 84 years.Results: A significant quadratic (curvilinear) relationship (p < 0.05) between age and complexity was found, with LZC maxima being reached by the sixth decade of life.Once that peak was crossed, complexity values slowly decreased until late senescence.Females exhibited higher LZC values than males, with significant differences in the anterior, central and posterior regions (p < 0.05). Conclusions:These results suggest that the evolution of brain oscillatory complexity across the life span might be considered a new illustration of a 'normal' physiological rhythm.Significance: Previous and forthcoming clinical studies using complexity estimates might be interpreted from a more complete and dynamical perspective. Pathologies not 3 only cause an 'abnormal' increase or decrease of complexity values but they actually 'break' the 'normal' pattern of oscillatory complexity evolution as a function of age.Keywords: Life Span, Ageing, Complexity, Brain Development, White Matter Development Highlights 1. A significant quadratic (curvilinear) relationship between age and oscillatory complexity exists, with complexity maxima reached by the sixth decade of life.2. As in previous studies, females exhibit higher complexity values than males, at least in some brain regions.3. The evolution of oscillatory complexity across the life span is interpreted as a physiological rhythm which is altered by several brain pathologies.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meg Data Reduction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain oscillatory complexity across the life span

Fernández

Zuluaga

Abásolo

et al. 2012

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…1). This approach has been successfully utilised previously (Fernández et al, 2009(Fernández et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Fernández et al (2009) found that this normal pattern of increasing complexity with age is absent in attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a disease with clear neurodevelopmental components (Shaw et al, 2007). In order to further investigate the possible involvement of abnormal complexity in neurodevelopmental disorders, we therefore decided to measure LZC scores in a group of SCH patients and healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lempel–Ziv complexity in schizophrenia: A MEG study

Fernández

López‐Ibor

Turrero

et al. 2011

Clinical Neurophysiology

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SchizophreniaLempel-Ziv complexity Magnetoencephalography Neurodevelopmental Neurodegenerative• Schizophrenic patients show higher complexity values as compared to controls.• Schizophrenic patients showed a tendency to reduced complexity values as a function of age while controls showed the opposite tendency.• The tendency observed in schizophrenic patients parallels the tendency observed in Alzheimer disease patients. ABSTRACTObjective: The neurodevelopmental-neurodegenerative debate is a basic issue in the field of the neuropathological basis of schizophrenia (SCH). Neurophysiological techniques have been scarcely involved in such debate, but nonlinear analysis methods may contribute to it. Methods: Fifteen patients (age range 23-42 years) matching DSM IV-TR criteria for SCH, and 15 sex-and age-matched control subjects (age range 23-42 years) underwent a resting-state magnetoencephalographic evaluation and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) scores were calculated. Results: Regression analyses indicated that LZC values were strongly dependent on age. Complexity scores increased as a function of age in controls, while SCH patients exhibited a progressive reduction of LZC values. A logistic model including LZC scores, age and the interaction of both variables allowed the classification of patients and controls with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Results demonstrated that SCH patients failed to follow the "normal" process of complexity increase as a function of age. In addition, SCH patients exhibited a significant reduction of complexity scores as a function of age, thus paralleling the pattern observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Significance: Our results support the notion of a progressive defect in SCH, which does not contradict the existence of a basic neurodevelopmental alteration.

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Childhood psychiatric disorders as anomalies in neurodevelopmental trajectories

Shaw

Gogtay

Rapoport

2010

Human Brain Mapping

193

141

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Childhood psychiatric disorders are rarely static; rather they change over time and longitudinal studies are ideally suited to capture such dynamic processes. Using longitudinal data, insights can be gained into the nature of the perturbation away from the trajectory of typical development in childhood disorders. Thus, some disorders may reflect a delay in neurodevelopmental trajectories. Our studies in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that cortical development is delayed with a rightward shift along the age axis in cortical trajectories, most prominent in prefrontal cortical regions. Other disorders may be characterized by differences in the velocity of trajectories: the basic shape of neurodevelopmental curves remains intact, but with disrupted tempo. Thus, childhood onset schizophrenia is associated with a marked increase during adolescence in the velocity of loss of cerebral gray matter. By contrast, in childhood autism there is an early acceleration of brain growth, which overshoots typical dimensions leading to transient cerebral enlargement. Finally, there may be more profound deviations from typical neurodevelopment, with a complete ''derailing'' of brain growth and a loss of the features which characterize typical brain development. An example is the almost complete silencing of white matter growth during adolescence of patients with childhood onset schizophrenia. Adopting a longitudinal perspective also readily lends itself to the understanding of the neural bases of differential clinical outcomes. Again taking ADHD as an example, we found that remission is associated with convergence to the template of typical development, whereas persistence is accompanied by progressive divergence away from typical trajectories. Hum Brain Mapp 31:917-925,

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Complexity Analysis of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnostic Implications

Abstract: Background: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined as the most

Cited by 89 publications

References 44 publications

Brain oscillatory complexity across the life span

Brain oscillatory complexity across the life span

Lempel–Ziv complexity in schizophrenia: A MEG study

Childhood psychiatric disorders as anomalies in neurodevelopmental trajectories

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