Complex patterns of speciation in cosmopolitan “rock posy” lichens – Discovering and delimiting cryptic fungal species in the lichen-forming Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota)

Leavitt, Steven D.; Fankhauser, Johnathon D.; Leavitt, Dean H.; Porter, Lyndon D.; Johnson, Leigh A.; Clair, Larry L. St.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020

Cited by 97 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…In spite of a high degree of morphological and chemical variation within this species complex, most of the candidate species identified in this study were morphologically and/or chemically polymorphic, and diagnostic morphological/chemical characters were not identified for the majority of the independent species-level lineages (Leavitt et al 2011a). Recently, additional data, including broader geographic sampling and three additional genetic markers, provide additional support that the candidate species identified in Leavitt et al (2011a) represent species-level lineages (Leavitt et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 58%

“…Using multilocus sequence data generated from Rhizoplaca specimens collected throughout the Intermountain region of western North America, Leavitt et al (2011a) circumscribed six candidate species, 'C2', 'C3', 'C4a', 'C4b', 'C4c', and 'C4d', within R. melanophthalma s.l. Based on initial sampling, these six species-level lineages were strongly supported by a variety of operational criteria for species delimitation (Leavitt et al 2011a).…”

Section: Candidate Species and Taxon Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substantial chemical variation has been identified within this group, including at least four chemotypes within R. melanophthalma sensu lato (s.l.) (McCune 1987;Ryan 2001); and eight previously unrecognized extrolites recently identified from specimens within this complex (Leavitt et al 2011a).…”

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confidence: 94%

“…Within the past decade a number of studies have indicated that traditional phenotype-based species circumscriptions fail to recognize multiple species-level lineages within this genus (Zhou et al 2006;Leavitt et al 2011a). The Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (sensu Leavitt et al 2011a) includes a morphologically diverse assemblage of species, including individuals ranging from placodioid crustose and umbilicate forms, to completely vagrant, or obligatory unattached forms. Substantial chemical variation has been identified within this group, including at least four chemotypes within R. melanophthalma sensu lato (s.l.)…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1), Leavitt et al (2011a) circumscribed six 'candidate' species that were supported using multiple lines of evidence from molecular sequence data, including: fixed nucleotide characters, genealogical exclusivity, Bayesian population clustering, and the coalescent-based species delimitation program Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP; Yang and Rannala 2010). The lat- ter, has recently been shown to outperform other species delimitation methods under a variety of scenarios (Camargo et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species

Leavitt¹,

Fernández-Mendoza²,

Pérez‐Ortega³

et al. 2013

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Citation: Leavitt SD, Fernández-Mendoza F, Pérez-Ortega S, Sohrabi M, Divakar PK, Lumbsch TH, St. Clair LLS (2013) DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species. MycoKeys 7: 1-22. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.7.4508 Abstract Recent studies using sequence data from multiple loci and coalescent-based species delimitation have revealed several species-level lineages within the phenotypically circumscribed taxon Rhizoplaca melanophthalma sensu lato. Here, we formally describe five new species within this group, R. occulta, R. parilis, R. polymorpha, R. porterii, and R. shushanii, using support from the coalescent-based species delimitation method implemented in the program Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP) as the diagnostic feature distinguishing new species. We provide a reference DNA sequence database using the ITS marker as a DNA barcode for identifying species within this complex. We also assessed intraspecific genetic distances within the six R. melanophthalma sensu lato species. While intraspecific genetic distances within the five new species were less than or equal to the lowest interspecific pairwise comparison values, an overlap in genetic distances within the R. melanophthalma sensu stricto clade suggests the potential for additional Leavitt et al. / MycoKeys 7: 1-22 (2013) 2 phenotypically cryptic lineages within this broadly distributed lineage. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for accurately identifying species within the R. melanophthalma group by using molecularbased identification methods.

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mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Candidate Species and Taxon Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species

Leavitt¹,

Fernández-Mendoza²,

Pérez‐Ortega³

et al. 2013

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Elucidating species richness in lichen fungi: The genusSticta(Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico

Mercado‐Díaz

Lücking

Moncada

et al. 2020

TAXON

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Traditional taxonomic studies provide only a limited understanding of species richness within a group. Their usefulness for assessing species diversity could also be limited as many lack sufficient sampling and/or fail to integrate different data types for assessing species boundaries. To explore the challenges and limitations of estimating species richness in lichens, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach to elucidate diversification patterns of the genus Sticta (Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico. Specimens were collected throughout the island, and a six‐locus dataset was generated to infer phylogenetic relationships among Puerto Rican Sticta and their continental counterparts. Phylogenetic analysis was combined with species delimitation methods and analysis of morpho‐anatomical characters to assess diversity patterns and clarify species‐level taxonomy. We found that Sticta is represented by 16 species in Puerto Rico and that at least 11 (69%) of them are potentially endemic to the island. We describe eight of these in this work: S. borinquensis sp. nov., S. corymbosa sp. nov., S. densiphyllidiata sp. nov., S. guilartensis sp. nov., S. harrisii sp. nov., S. parvilobata sp. nov., S. riparia sp. nov., and S. tainorum sp. nov. These species do not cluster in a monophyletic assemblage but are scattered over the broader Sticta phylogeny, indicating at least eight separate dispersal events. Putative endemic species were found to have close allies occurring in South America. Careful re‐examination of material revealed phenotypical characters that separate most species, suggesting low levels of cryptic diversity. We highlight that integrating molecular methods and other sources of information in species discovery along with comprehensive sampling efforts can greatly enhance our knowledge about diversity patterns in poorly studied groups and regions. Furthermore, species and ecosystems in the Caribbean are being threatened by substantial human‐driven changes (e.g., deforestation, climate change). Consequences of these impacts include reduction in already restricted habitats and potential extinction. We argue that studies analyzing species diversity within a phylogenetic framework could better inform conservation efforts aimed at addressing these challenges.

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2 Ecological Biogeography of Lichen-Forming Fungi

Leavitt

Lumbsch

2016

Environmental and Microbial Relationships

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Complex patterns of speciation in cosmopolitan “rock posy” lichens – Discovering and delimiting cryptic fungal species in the lichen-forming Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota)

Cited by 97 publications

References 114 publications

DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species

DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species

Elucidating species richness in lichen fungi: The genusSticta(Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico

2 Ecological Biogeography of Lichen-Forming Fungi

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