Complex investigation of extraction techniques applied for cyclitols and sugars isolation from different species of Solidago genus

Abstract

Cyclitols are phytochemicals naturally occurring in plant material, which attracted an increasing interest due to multiple medicinal attributes, among which the most important are the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Due to their valuable properties, sugars are used in the food industry as sweeteners, preservatives, texture modifiers, fermentation substrates, and flavoring and coloring agents. In this study, we report for the first time the quantitative analysis of sugars and cyclitols isolated from Solidago virgaurea L., which was used for the selection of the optimal solvent and extraction technique that can provide the best possible yield. Moreover, the quantities of sugars and cyclitols extracted from two other species, Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea, were investigated using the best extraction method and the most appropriate solvent. Comparative analysis of natural plant extracts obtained using five different techniques-maceration, Soxhlet extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction-was performed in order to decide the most suitable, efficient, and economically convenient extraction method. Three different solvents were used. Analysis of samples has been performed by solid-phase extraction for purification and pre-concentration, followed by derivation and GC-MS analysis. Highest efficiency for the total amount of obtained compounds has been reached by PLE, when water was used as a solvent. d-pinitol amount was almost similar for every solvent and for all the extraction techniques involved.

Pressurized liquid extraction of cyclitols and sugars: optimization of extraction parameters and selective separation

“…Generally, the efficiency of PLE for extraction of bioactive compounds, including sugars and cyclitols, can be affected by the solvent used, temperature, extraction time, and number of cycles. In case of solvent, water was found to be the most appropriate solvent [10]. Therefore, before experiment design, the effect of single factors (temperature, time and number of cycles) on the content of sugars and cyclitols was studied.…”

Correlation Study of Honey Regarding their Physicochemical Properties and Sugars and Cyclitols Content

“…Some of the chromatographic techniques generally used for the composition analysis of honey samples, can also be employed for the analysis of sugars and cyclitols, the most widely used being high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [11,12]. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is quite often used as well, but this technique involves a derivatization step [13][14][15]. In terms of the sample preparation for the detection of cyclitols and sugars, honey samples can be easily handled, since just a dilution in water is required.…”

Supercritical fluid extraction in isolation of cyclitols and sugars from chamomile flowers

“…Classical solvent extraction techniques such as Soxhlet and maceration were widely used for extraction of the main bioactive compounds including cyclitols from plant material [12][13][14]. However, modern extraction techniques such as: pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), which provide faster extraction, lower solvent consumption and higher efficiency have been reported as alternatives to the classical techniques [15,16].…”

“…Frequently, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, water or ethyl ether is used [20,21]. Some attempts to use SFE for extraction of sugars and cyclitols from carob pods and Solidago genus [15,22] were made. When a comparison between different extraction techniques was realized for isolation sugars and cyclitols from Solidago genius, SFE performed slightly better than UAE and Soxhlet, but much weaker than pressurized liquid extraction.…”

“…When a comparison between different extraction techniques was realized for isolation sugars and cyclitols from Solidago genius, SFE performed slightly better than UAE and Soxhlet, but much weaker than pressurized liquid extraction. The used parameters were: temperature 50 • C, pressure 10 MPa, time: 60 min; CO 2 flow rate was 4 mL/min, while 96% ethanol and 70% ethanol were used as co-solvents with a flow rate of 1 mL/min [15]. Since the crucial parameters in SFE are: temperature, pressure, CO 2 flow rate, co-solvent percentage, and extraction time, the proper selection of these parameters can result in extracts with highest yields of the desired compounds.…”