The
injection of theranostic drug-laden hydrogels into subcutaneous
tumors has proven to be a promising strategy to achieve precise local
tumor eradication. Humic acid, a natural product of biochemical decomposition
of animal and plant residues, abundantly exists in soils, peats, oceans,
etc. In this study, a robust injectable thermoresponsive agarose hydrogel
incorporating sodium humate (SH) and doxorubicin (DOX) was constructed
as a unique agent for tumor management based on the combined chemo-photothermal
therapeutic effect. SH, which strongly absorbs near-infrared (NIR)
light, can efficiently convert light energy into thermal energy, induce
local hyperthermia and subsequently trigger sustained drug release
from the complex of the SH/DOX@hydrogel through a typical gel–sol
transition, resulting in enhanced cellular uptake of therapeutic drugs.
Moreover, intratumoral injection of the SH/DOX@hydrogel resulted in
a simultaneous chemo-photothermal therapeutic effect against solid
tumors under NIR laser irradiation, which may collectively prevent
tumor recurrence. In addition, the SH/DOX@hydrogel exhibited ultralow
systemic toxicity as demonstrated using an animal model. This work
provides a promising attempt to develop a low-cost, light-responsive
hydrogel for precise tumor therapy, which may also incorporate extra
theranostic modules as an advanced platform for the treatment of cancer
or other critical diseases.