Complex evolutionary history of two ecologically significant grass genera,<i>Themeda</i>and<i>Heteropogon</i>(Poaceae: Panicoideae: Andropogoneae)

Arthan, Watchara; Dunning, Luke T.; Besnard, Guillaume; Manzi, Sophie; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Hackel, Jan; Lehmann, Caroline E. R.; Mitchley, Jonathan; Vorontsova, Maria S.

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boab008

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Analyzing the chloroplast genome, the genus Bothriochloa was closely related to the genus Pseudanthistiria in the Anthistiriinae Presl, this was the same as the results obtained by 2464 single-copy nuclear genes (Arthan et al. 2021 ). Analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of B. ischaemum is useful for studying the genetic diversity of Bothriochloa plants.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

The complete chloroplast genome of Bothriochloa ischaemum

Zhong

et al. 2022

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linn.) 1936 is a high-quality perennial forage in Loess Plateau of China. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of B. ischaemum , which was a circular DNA of 138,316 bp in length, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 80,226 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,526 bp, and the circular DNA was separated by a pair of identical inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 22,782 bp each. A total of 134 genes were identified, including 87 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic tree showed that B. ischaemum was closer to B. decipiens and B. alta, genus Bothriochloa was closely related to genus Pseudanthistiria . Our findings will be helpful for better understanding of genetic diversity of Bothriochloa plants.

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supporting

confidence: 77%

The complete chloroplast genome of Bothriochloa ischaemum

Zhong

et al. 2022

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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“…Whether T. quadrivalvis is a synonym of T. triandra , or if it is a separate species has been debated for some time (Keir & Vogler, 2006 ; Veldkamp, 2016 ; Dunning et al, 2017 ; Arthan et al, 2021 ). Themeda quadrivalvis is a globally distributed invasive weed and the only apparent fixed difference between the species is that T. quadrivalvis is annual whereas T. triandra is perennial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a reference‐based approach to generate consensus sequences for the mitochondrial genome (Bianconi et al, 2020 ). The 68 Themeda samples sequenced here (the 67 samples selected across the Australian T. triandra range plus TtPh16‐4) were supplemented with 14 T. triandra and T. quadrivalvis data sets retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA; Burke et al, 2016 ; Dunning et al, 2017 ; Arthan et al, 2021 ). Prior to mapping the Themeda sequencing data to the TtPh16‐4 genome, the data were cleaned using Trimmomatic version 0.38 (Bolger et al, 2014 ) to remove adaptor contamination, low quality bases (4 bp sliding window with mean Phred score <20) and short reads (<50 bp).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a dominant grassland species with significant ecological, cultural and economic importance (Snyman et al, 2013 ). The great morphological diversity displayed by T. triandra has led to the description of different taxa with several potential synonyms (Arthan et al, 2021 ), ranging from regional varieties with restricted distributions to the globally invasive T. quadrivalvis (Arthan et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia

et al. 2022

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Ecotypes are distinct populations within a species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions. Understanding how these ecotypes become established, and how they interact when reunited, is fundamental to elucidating how ecological adaptations are maintained. This study focuses on Themeda triandra, a dominant grassland species across Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the most widespread plant in Australia,where it has distinct ecotypes that are usually restricted to either wetter and cooler coastal regions or the drier and hotter interior. We generate a reference genome for T. triandra and use whole genome sequencing for over 80 Themeda accessions to reconstruct the evolutionary history of T. triandra and related taxa. Organelle phylogenies confirm that Australia was colonized by T. triandra twice, with the division between ecotypes predating their arrival in Australia. The nuclear genome provides evidence of differences in the dominant ploidal level and gene-flow among the ecotypes. In northern Queensland there appears to be a hybrid zone between ecotypes with admixed nuclear genomes and shared chloroplast haplotypes. Conversely, in the cracking claypans of Western Australia, there is cytonuclear discordance with individuals possessing the coastal chloroplast and interior clade nuclear genome. This chloroplast capture is potentially a result of adaptive introgression, with selection detected in the rpoC2 gene which is associated with water use efficiency. The reason that T. triandra is the most widespread plant in Australia appears to be a result of distinct ecotypic genetic variation and genome duplication, with the importance of each depending on the geographic scale considered.

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“… c Evolutionary History sources: 1 = Lundgren et al (2015); 2 = Hackel et al (2018); Arthan et al (2021). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon isotope values for grasses in Madagascar's Central Highlands establish baselines for historical and paleoecological research

Crowley

Schmidt

Vorontsova

2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementGrasses are significant drivers of fires and are the primary food source for cattle in Madagascar's Central Highlands. However, their extent and importance to animals and people in the past remain poorly understood. Clarifying the history of Malagasy grasslands is necessary for building climate resilient food systems and supporting carbon stores that also conserve biodiversity. We generated chemical data for grasses that grow in open habitats in central Madagascar, which will help improve our understanding of the ecological and economic importance of modern grassy ecosystems, reconstruct the regional history of grasses, and anticipate how vegetation may respond to changing climate and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.Summary Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) data for Malagasy grasses are needed to establish expected values for C3 and C4 grasses from particular regions in Madagascar, and possible differences among different grass lineages, or species with different distributions or adaptations. These data, in turn, may help inform how widespread grasses were in the past, and the importance of grasses to endemic and domesticated animals as well as people over time. We analysed both δ13C and weight %C:N from 63 Poaceae species that grow in open grassy biomes in Madagascar's Central Highlands and explored how these values relate to multiple variables, including encounter frequency, distribution, lineage, adaptations to grazing and fire and the typical floral assemblage in which each species occurs. Of the species sampled, 56 are C4 and seven are C3. There are no differences in δ13C or weight %C:N among either C3 or C4 species with different distributions or adaptations, from different assemblages, or that are frequently or infrequently encountered. However, there are differences in both δ13C and weight %C:N among C4 lineages, and the single C3 arundinoid (Styppeiochloa hitchcockii) has larger weight %C:N than C3 Paniceae. Our results provide a foundation for evaluating reliance on C4 resources by people, as well as domesticated and endemic animals both today and in the past. We encourage gathering additional comparative data for co‐occurring individual plants from the same open grassy biome localities, as well as other species, habitats and regions in Madagascar.

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Complex evolutionary history of two ecologically significant grass genera,ThemedaandHeteropogon(Poaceae: Panicoideae: Andropogoneae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

The complete chloroplast genome of Bothriochloa ischaemum

The complete chloroplast genome of Bothriochloa ischaemum

Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia

Carbon isotope values for grasses in Madagascar's Central Highlands establish baselines for historical and paleoecological research

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