Complex electric double layers in charged topological colloids

Everts, Jeffrey C.; Ravnik, Miha

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32550-8

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, in addition to linked genus-one rings, one can study linked particles with larger g and larger numbers of linked components. Beyond LCs, one can expect that linking will alter interactions between colloidal components when, for example, interactions originate from electrostatic or depletion forces [130,131], opening a new avenue for colloidal self-assembly and functionality.…”

Section: Linked Composite Colloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: knots and other new topological effects in liquid crystals and colloids

Smalyukh

2020

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Humankind has been obsessed with knots in religion, culture and daily life for millennia, while physicists like Gauss, Kelvin and Maxwell already involved them in models centuries ago. Nowadays, colloidal particles can be fabricated to have shapes of knots and links with arbitrary complexity. In liquid crystals, closed loops of singular vortex lines can be knotted by using colloidal particles and laser tweezers, as well as by confining nematic fluids into micrometer-sized droplets with complex topology. Knotted and linked colloidal particles induce knots and links of singular defects, which can be interlinked (or not) with colloidal particle knots, revealing the diversity of interactions between topologies of knotted fields and topologically nontrivial surfaces of colloidal objects. Even more diverse knotted structures emerge in nonsingular molecular alignment and magnetization fields in liquid crystals and colloidal ferromagnets. The topological solitons include hopfions, skyrmions, heliknotons, torons and other spatially localized continuous structures, which are classified based on homotopy theory, characterized by integer-valued topological invariants and often contain knotted or linked preimages, nonsingular regions of space corresponding to single points of the order parameter space. A zoo of topological solitons in liquid crystals, colloids and ferromagnets promises new breeds of information displays and a plethora of data storage, electro-optic and photonic applications. Their particle-like collective dynamics echoes coherent motions in active matter, ranging from crowds of people to schools of fish. This review discusses the state of the art in the field, as well as highlights recent developments and open questions in physics of knotted soft matter. We systematically overview knotted field configurations, the allowed transformations between them, their physical stability and how one can use one form of knotted fields to model, create and imprint other forms. The large variety of symmetries accessible to liquid crystals and colloids offer insights into stability, transformation and emergent dynamics of fully nonsingular and singular knotted fields of fundamental and applied importance. The common thread of this review is the ability to experimentally visualize these knots in real space. The review concludes with a discussion of how the studies of knots in liquid crystals and colloids can offer insights into topologically related structures in other branches of physics, with answers to many open questions, as well as how these experimentally observable knots hold a strong potential for providing new inspirations to the mathematical knot theory.

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Section: Linked Composite Colloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: knots and other new topological effects in liquid crystals and colloids

Smalyukh

2020

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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“…Electrical double layers at solid‐liquid interface (hereinafter, EDL) play an important role in numerous fields of science and engineering, e. g., electric energy storage, colloid science, rheology, ion‐selective membranes, novel microelectronics and chemical sensors . EDLs are a relevant subject in catalysis too.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidimensional Approximation of the Diffuse Electrical Layer in the Inner Volume of Solid Electrolyte Grains in the Absence of Background Ions

Tarabanko

Тaran

2020

ChemPhysChem

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In this paper we continue working on our theory of electrical double layers resulting exclusively from dissociation of a solid electrolyte, which we previously proposed as a medium for catalytic interaction between solid cellulose and solid acid catalysts of hydrolysis. Two theoretical unidimensional models of the inner grain volume are considered: an infinitely long cylindrical pore, and a gel electrolyte near a grain outer surface. Despite the model simplicity, the predictions for the cylindrical pore case are in semi‐quantitative agreement with literature data on electroosmotic experiments, adequately explaining high proton selectivity of sulfonic membranes, and decline of such selectivity at high background acid concentration. The gel model predicts less concentrated diffuse layer in comparison to electrolytes with impenetrable skeleton (e. g., sulfonated carbons). This suggests limited suitability of gel electrolytes as catalysts if a substrate cannot diffuse into the gel bulk and the reaction is thereby spatially limited to the near‐surface region, for example if a substrate is solid like aforementioned cellulose.

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“…To better estimate the surface charge of small EVs, understanding the structure of ion distribution around these vesicles is of great importance. Currently, mathematical theories or computational modeling are the most predictive approaches to gain insights into ion distribution and electric potential around a charged particle given that there is no standard experimental method to directly study EDL structure (Vatamanu et al, 2011 ; Everts & Ravnik, 2018 ; Wu, 2022 ; Burt et al, 2014 ). Interaction between an electrolyte solution and a charged surface results in a double layer structure of ions (called EDL) around the charged surface, which was originally modeled by Helmholtz (Ohshima et al, 1982 ; H. Wang & Pilon, 2011 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical considerations in determining the surface charge of small extracellular vesicles

Tamrin,

Phelps,

Nezhad

et al. 2023

J of Extracellular Vesicle

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Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a focal point of EV research due to their significant role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes within living systems. However, uncertainties about the nature of these vesicles have added considerable complexity to the already difficult task of developing EV‐based diagnostics and therapeutics. Whereas small EVs have been shown to be negatively charged, their surface charge has not yet been properly quantified. This gap in knowledge has made it challenging to fully understand the nature of these particles and the way they interact with one another, and with other biological structures like cells. Most published studies have evaluated EV charge by focusing on zeta potential calculated using classical theoretical approaches. However, these approaches tend to underestimate zeta potential at the nanoscale. Moreover, zeta potential alone cannot provide a complete picture of the electrical properties of small EVs since it ignores the effect of ions that bind tightly to the surface of these particles. The absence of validated methods to accurately estimate the actual surface charge (electrical valence) and determine the zeta potential of EVs is a significant knowledge gap, as it limits the development of effective label‐free methods for EV isolation and detection. In this study, for the first time, we show how the electrical charge of small EVs can be more accurately determined by accounting for the impact of tightly bound ions. This was accomplished by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of EVs, and then analytically correlating the measured values to their charge in the form of zeta potential and electrical valence. In contrast to the currently used theoretical expressions, the employed analytical method in this study enabled a more accurate estimation of EV surface charge, which will facilitate the development of EV‐based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

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Complex electric double layers in charged topological colloids

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Review: knots and other new topological effects in liquid crystals and colloids

Review: knots and other new topological effects in liquid crystals and colloids

Unidimensional Approximation of the Diffuse Electrical Layer in the Inner Volume of Solid Electrolyte Grains in the Absence of Background Ions

Critical considerations in determining the surface charge of small extracellular vesicles

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