Complete sequence of RNA1 and subgenomic RNA3 of Atlantic halibut nodavirus (AHNV)

Sommerset, Ingunn; Nerland, Audun Helge

doi:10.3354/dao058117

Cited by 103 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…RNA2 forms a major ORF of capsid protein and consists of a highly conserved region and a variable region. In addition to this, RNA3, a sub genomic RNA (371 nt) has a 62 % G?C composition, containing an ORF encoding a peptide of 75 amino-acids corresponding to a hypothetical B2 protein which is a non-structural protein having a suppressor function for post-transcriptional gene silencing [19,34,61,110]. RNA3 is formed only in infected cells and is not packaged into the viral particles (not in chronically infected fish) [79,90,110] and is transcribed from the 3 0 end of RNA1.…”

Section: Genome Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

et al. 2012

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Section: Genome Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

et al. 2012

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“…Sequence comparison revealed high similarities with other nodaviruses isolated from 10 Atlantic halibut (Aspehaug et al 1999, Grotmol et al 2000, Sommerset & Nerland 2004. Within the encoding part of RNA1 only 13 out of 2943 nt were different between AAG01/03 and AH95NorA (GenBank accession no.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Isolate Aag01/03mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Tissue samples were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin and 3 µm section were cut on a microtome (Jung Biocut 2035) and placed on Superfrost slides. The primary antibody (Ø150) was used as described by Grotmol et al (1999), with modifications by Sommerset & Nerland (2004). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus

Korsnes¹,

Devold²,

Nerland³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Homogenate of tissue from juveniles of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus suffering from viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was used to challenge smolt of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with an initial average weight of 110 g. The nodavirus was administered in the form of an intraperitoneal injection, and the fish were kept for 134 d post challenge. Genotype characterisation of the nodavirus was performed by sequencing the RNA1 and RNA2 segments, and a quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) assay was developed. Tissues from different organs were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples were collected at random on Days 7, 25, 45, 69, 125 and 134 after challenge. Mortality, clinical signs and pathology of VER were observed only in the challenged group. The Q-PCR detected positive fish only in the challenged group, all of which were positive on all days of sampling. An increase in relative virus concentrations was observed from Day 7 to Day 25 post challenge. The increased level of virus concentration was maintained in the medulla oblongata throughout the experiment, suggesting persistence or slow elimination of the virus over time. The IHC detected positive cells on Days 34, 70 and 74. These results suggest that the nodavirus is transported to the medulla oblongata from the intraperitoneal injection site and is able to replicate in salmon. When injected, this nodavirus isolate caused mortality and established a persistent infection in the challenged salmon throughout the experiment. This susceptibility suggests that co-location of salmon and marine species should be avoided until further studies of possible transmission have been carried out. KEY WORDS: Nodavirus · Atlantic salmon · Atlantic halibut · Experimental infection · Q-PCR · Immunohistochemistry · Viral encephalopathy · RetinopathyResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 68: 7-15, 2005 such as cod Gadus morhua (Starkey et al. 2001, Johnson et al. 2002, Gagne et al. 2004, Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Grotmol et al. 1995, Grotmol et al. 1997b) and spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor , Sommer et al. 2004. In Norway, Atlantic halibut hatcheries have suffered several outbreaks of VER during the past few years (Dannevig et al. 2000, Johansen et al. 2004a, suggesting the persistence of virus in cultured populations. Although VER has been considered to be a disease of juveniles, individuals weighing several kg have also shown clinical signs of VER (Aspehaug et al. 1999). This observed persistence of nodavirus in adult fish suggests that the virus could be present in farmed halibut for a long time and may represent a risk of spreading nodavirus with movement of persistently infected animals. Transportation of infected animals into areas with potential susceptible hosts may represent one important way of spreading diseases. In Norway, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is the dominant farmed species, but farming of marine fish such as Atlantic cod and halibut is growing. Although...

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“…Its bipartite genome consists of two positive RNA strands; RNA1 (3.1 kb) codes for viral RdRP (protein A) while the RNA2 (1.4 kb) codes for coat protein [18]. A sub genomic RNA3 synthesized from RNA1 during early viral replication codes for protein B2 [31] which acts against host RNA interference [9,13]. The virus causes acute as well as latent infections [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of reverse transcription nested PCR primers for the detection of betanodavirus in finfish

et al. 2016

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Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy otherwise known as viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a neuropathological condition affecting more than 50 fish species worldwide, mostly marine. Different PCR protocols with specific primers were reported from many countries for confirmation of VNN in fishes. In the present study, two pairs of primers were designed and evaluated for the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical cases of infections from field. These primers designated as BARL-F1/BARL-R1 amplified a 902 bp product in the variable region (T4) of the coat protein gene by first step PCR. Nested PCR primers BARL-F2/BARL-R2 amplified a fragment of 313 bp. The results were comparable with other commonly used primer sets such as F2/R3 and RG668f/RG919r primers. These new primers could detect betanodavirus in standard reference samples containing low, moderate and high viral load. Known positive and negative control samples of fish also revealed a predictive value of 100 % by RT-PCR diagnosis.

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Complete sequence of RNA1 and subgenomic RNA3 of Atlantic halibut nodavirus (AHNV)

Cited by 103 publications

References 45 publications

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus

Design and evaluation of reverse transcription nested PCR primers for the detection of betanodavirus in finfish

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