Complete Quantification of Group A and Group B Soyasaponins in Soybeans

Abstract

A combination of high-pressure extraction and preparative chromatography was used to purify the group A and group B soyasaponins from soy germ for use as analytical standards and for use in biological assays. A standardized sample preparation and extraction method was developed for the analysis of phytochemicals found in soy and processed soy products, which is reproducible in other laboratories. The extracts can be analyzed with standard liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography methods to identify and quantitate the group A and group B forms of the soy saponins, as well as the soy isoflavones. Complete saponin analysis of the extracts prepared from soy germ (hypocots), hulls, and cotyledons shows that a significant portion of the saponins is concentrated in the germ. The germ contains nearly all of the group A soyasaponins, while the group B soyasaponins are nearly equally distributed between the germ and the cotyledons. The hulls contain little of either isoflavones or saponins. Whole (full fat) soybeans grown on a tract in central Illinois in 2003 contain approximately 4-6% saponins on a weight basis, of which about one-fifth or less of the total saponin content are group A soyasaponins; the balance is group B soyasaponins.

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…The group A soyasaponins are bisdesmosidic (Shiraiwa et al, 1991a) and are found predominantly in the germ of the seed, which accounts for only 3% of the total bean, resulting in low levels of this group in extracts from whole beans (about one fifth the level of group B soyasaponins). The group B soyasaponins are nearly equally distributed between the germ and the cotyledons of the seed (Shiraiwa et al, 1991b;Berhow et al, 2006)..…”

Foaming Glycosides: A Review

“…Soybeans have at least four different saponins (23). The saponins in the mature soybean are divided into group A and group B soyasaponins on the basis of their aglycone structures.…”

Isolation of Isoflavones and Soyasaponins from the Germ of Soybean

“…Soyasaponin은 비배당체(aglycone)인 soyasapogenol A, B, E 및 DDMP(2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one)과 이들에 부착되는 당에 의하여 다양하게 분 류 된다 (Shiraiwa et al, 1991;Tsukamoto et al, 1993;Hu et al, 2002;Berhow et al, 2006). 일반적으로 soyasaponin 은 A계열 을 Aa, Ab, Ad, Ae, Af로 B계열은 DDMP가 부 착된 αg, βg, βa, γg, γa와 DDMP가 부착되지 않은 Ba, Bb, Bb', Bc로 E계열은 Bd와 Be로 구분하지만 (Decroos et al, 2005), 학자들에 따라 조금씩 다르게 명명되기도 한다 (Kitagawa et al, 1988a(Kitagawa et al, , 1988bYoshikoshi et al, 1996;Shibuya et al, 2010).…”

“…콩의 isoflavone과 soyasaponin은 종실의 부위에 따라 함 량의 변이를 나타내는데, 이들 성분은 모두 배아가 종피와 자엽에 비해 함량이 월등히 높다. 일반적으로 isoflavone은 자엽에 0.13~0.35%, 배아는 0.97~2.07%가 함유되어 있으 며, soyasaponin은 콩 전체에 0.1～0.5%가 함유되어 있으 나, 부위별로 볼 때 자엽에 0.2～0.3%, 배아에 약 2% 함유 된 것으로 알려져 있다 (Kudou et al, 1992;Wang & Murphy, 1994;Anderson & Wolf, 1995;Berhow et al, 2006). Soyasaponin에 관한 연구는 지금까지 지속되고 있으 나 이들이 온도, pH 등에 불안정하고 다양한 형태로 존재하 여 분리 · 정제가 까다로운 물질로 알려져 있다 (Hu et al, 2002).…”