Complete nucleotide sequence of Newcastle disease virus: evidence for the existence of a new genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae.

Abstract

We have completely sequenced the genome of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain LaSota. The sequences of the 3h-and 5h-terminal ends of the RNA genome were determined by sequencing cDNA fragments generated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The entire genomic sequence, which was established by sequencing cDNA fragments generated by high-fidelity RT-PCR, consists of 15 186 nt. Comparison of the 5h-terminal sequence of NDV LaSota with the 5h-terminal sequences of ten members of the Paramyxovirinae showed that NDV LaSota has an unusually long 5h untranscribed region. Comparison of the entire genomic sequences showed that NDV is only distantly related to the other members of the genus Rubulavirus, to which NDV has been assigned. In this paper we present data which suggest that NDV should not be classified in the genus Rubulavirus, but instead should be considered as a member of a new genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae.Newcastle disease is a serious disease of poultry that can cause severe economic losses in many countries. The causative agent of the disease is Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also called avian paramyxovirus type-1. NDV is a member of the genus Rubulavirus of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae (family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales) (Rima et al., 1995). NDV strains are classified on the basis of their pathogenicity for chickens into highly pathogenic (velogenic), intermediate (mesogenic) and apathogenic (lentogenic) strains (Hanson,

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

“…The HN and F proteins are two spike projections on the envelope of the virus and the F-gene in addition to the HN and L genes have been identified as a major determinant of virulence [23,47,86]. The genome size is a multiple of six nt, referred to as the 'rule of six' that makes efficient replication occur [21,24,54]. Though, the virus exists as a single serotype antigenic and genetic diversities have been identified among the isolates across the globe [93].…”

IRF3 and IRF7 Phosphorylation in Virus-infected Cells Does Not Require Double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase R or IκB Kinase but Is Blocked by Vaccinia Virus E3L Protein

“…These data suggest that proteins accumulating during the first 3 h of NDV infection are required for activation of the IRF7 kinase. Since no serine kinases are encoded by NDV (45), it is likely that viral proteins are involved either directly or indirectly in activation of a cellular kinase that targets IRF7. Alternatively, cycloheximide might block synthesis of a shortlived cellular protein.…”

Expression of Raf kinase inhibitor protein is downregulated in response to Newcastle disease virus infection to promote viral replication

“…Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also designated avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (AMPV-1), is a member of the genus Avulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. NDV infections cause a highly contagious and fatal viral disease affecting most species of birds that frequently leads to severe economic losses in the poultry industry across the globe (de Leeuw & Peeters, 1999;Swayne et al, 2013). NDV is an enveloped virus containing a non-segmented, singlestranded, negative-sense RNA genome of approximately 15 186 nt that contains six genes encoding the nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN), large polymerase protein (L) and an additional protein, V, that is expressed by RNA editing of P mRNA (Swayne et al, 2013).…”