Complete nucleotide sequence of Alfalfa mosaic virus isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Argentina

Abstract

The complete nucleotide sequence of an Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate infecting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Argentina, AMV-Arg, was determined. The virus genome has the typical organization described for AMV, and comprises 3,643, 2,593, and 2,038 nucleotides for RNA1, 2 and 3, respectively. The whole genome sequence and each encoding region were compared with those of other four isolates that have been completely sequenced from China, Italy, Spain and USA. The nucleotide identity percentages ranged from 95.9 to 99.1 % for the three RNAs and from 93.7 to 99 % for the protein 1 (P1), protein 2 (P2), movement protein and coat protein (CP) encoding regions, whereas the amino acid identity percentages of these proteins ranged from 93.4 to 99.5 %, the lowest value corresponding to P2. CP sequences of AMV-Arg were compared with those of other 25 available isolates, and the phylogenetic analysis based on the CP gene was carried out. The highest percentage of nucleotide sequence identity of the CP gene was 98.3 % with a Chinese isolate and 98.6 % at the amino acid level with four isolates, two from Italy, one from Brazil and the remaining one from China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that AMV-Arg is closely related to subgroup I of AMV isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a complete nucleotide sequence of AMV from South America and the first worldwide report of complete nucleotide sequence of AMV isolated from alfalfa as natural host.

Viromes of Ten Alfalfa Plants in Australia Reveal Diverse Known Viruses and a Novel RNA Virus

“…For example, in 2010, alfalfa dwarf disease (ADD), which affects hay yield and quality of alfalfa, was reported from Argentina [7]. HTS of ADD-diseased plants revealed the presence of several RNA viruses, AMV, BLRV, alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV; genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) and alfalfa enamovirus 1 (genus Enamovirus, family Luteoviridae), and the DNA virus alfalfa leaf curl virus (ALCV; genus Capulavirus, family Geminiviridae) [8][9][10][11][12]. More recently, alfalfa-associated nucleorhabdovirus (genus Nucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae), alfalfa virus F (genus Marafivirus, family Tymoviridae), alfalfa virus S (genus Allexivirus, family Alphaflexiviridae), Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus (genus Deltpartitivirus, family Partitiviridae), and alphapartitiviruses including Medicago sativa alphapatitivirus 1 and 2 (family Partitiviridae) were identified in alfalfa with HTS [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Complete genome sequence and integrated protein localization and interaction map for alfalfa dwarf virus, which combines properties of both cytoplasmic and nuclear plant rhabdoviruses

“…In 2010, a rhabdovirus was found associated with alfalfa plants showing symptoms of shortened internodes (bushy appearance), leaf puckering and varying-sized vein enations on abaxial leaf surfaces (Bejerman et al, 2011). The plants that showed these distinct symptoms were diagnosed as being co-infected by a rhabdovirus and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), led to significant yield losses and reduced the useful economic life of the crop (Trucco et al, 2014). Alfalfa dwarf disease had a prevalence of over 70% in several growing regions of Argentina and preliminary evaluations showed yield reductions of up to 30% (S. Lenardon, pers.…”

Redefining the medicago sativa alphapartitivirus genome sequences

“…In 2011, we observed alfalfa plants showing symptoms of shortened internodes (bushy appearance), leaf puckering and varying-sized vein enations on abaxial leaf surfaces (Bejerman et al, 2011). Deep sequencing of alfalfa plants collected in central region of Argentina showing the dwarfism symptoms, revealed the presence of four RNA viruses: alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV), alfalfa enamovirus-1 (AEV-1) and bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) (Bejerman et al, 2015; 2016; Trucco et al, 2014, 2016) and one DNA virus: alfalfa leaf curl virus (ALCV) (Bejerman et al, 2018). Furthermore, four assembled sequences (contigs) analyzed by BlastX searches shared significant identity (E-value = 0), to the capsid and replication proteins encoded by alphapartitiviruses.…”