Complete Genome Sequence of Temperate Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteriophage DLP5

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteriophage DLP5 is a temperate phage with Siphoviridae family morphotype. DLP5 (vB_SmaS_DLP_5) is the first S. maltophilia phage shown to exist as a phagemid. The DLP5 genome is 96,542 bp, encoding 149 open reading frames (ORFs), including four tRNAs. Genomic characterization reveals moron genes potentially involved in host cell membrane modification.

Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Bacteriophage AXL3 against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

“…It is possible that the competitive advantage of type IV pili to aid in the colonization of plants [ 2 , 31 ] has selected for the use of these structures as phage receptors in soil microbes. It is unknown if the type IV pilus is a favoured receptor of S. maltophilia phages isolated from other environmental sources, such as water and sewage, as the receptors for these phages have not been examined [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 32 ]. However, the T4-like virulent phage Smp14 has been observed to bind to the poles of S. maltophilia cells by TEM [ 21 ] where type IV pili are normally expressed.…”

“…The use of phages for human therapy requires extensive phage characterization, including host range analysis, genomic characterization and identification of potential moron genes, lifestyle determination and identification of cell surface receptors. In the last two decades, numerous phages against S. maltophilia have been isolated and characterized to various extents for their therapeutic potential [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Herein we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel S. maltophilia phage, AXL3, unrelated to any phages currently sequenced in the NCBI database.…”

Characterization of Novel Broad-Host-Range Bacteriophage DLP3 Specific to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a Potential Therapeutic Agent

“…Like DLP3, many of the S. maltophilia temperate phages characterized to date feature moron genes that encode virulence factors or antibiotic resistance proteins that could cause lysogenic conversion of their host (Hagemann et al, 2006;Garcia et al, 2008;Peters and Dennis, 2018;Peters et al, 2019). Genetically modifying these phages by removing adverse genes, such as those encoding virulence factors or lysogeny proteins, will enable the creation of safe and highly targeted therapeutic agents (Lynch et al, 2010;Dedrick et al, 2019).…”

“…No low coverage or ambiguous regions were identified with the assembled contig, which has a mean coverage of 114 and a Q40 of 99.6%. NCBI non-redundant protein sequence database searches indicate that DLP3 shares a high identity to the Siphoviridae phage vB_SmaS_DLP_5 (DLP5) (Peters and Dennis, 2018). DLP5 is the type species of the new genus Delepquintavirus and based on the genomic similarities between DLP3 and DLP5, DLP3 is also a member of this new genus.…”

“…and ICU331. Phage DLP5 has been previously shown to cause lysogenic conversion of S. maltophilia strain D1571 (Peters and Dennis, 2018). Therefore, we sought to further investigate the characteristics of the D1571:DLP3 lysogen relative to wildtype S. maltophilia strain D1571.…”