Complete dominant inheritance of intracellular leucine accumulation traits in polyploid yeasts

Abstract

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used for ethanol production. In the production of alcoholic beverages, flavours are affected mainly by yeast metabolism in the fermentation process. To increase the contents of initial scented fruity flavours, such as isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate, leucine accumulation in yeast cells is induced by a decrease of leucine feedback inhibition in the L-leucine synthetic pathway using conventional mutagenesis. Diploid strains are commonly used in sake brewing because of better fermentation performance, such as vitality and endurance, compared with those of haploid strains. Heterozygous mutations are mostly detected in target genes of brewing yeasts generated through mutation breeding. Here we describe that an allele of the LEU4 gene, LEU4 G516S , dominantly induced leucine accumulation even in triploid and tetraploid yeasts as with in diploid yeasts. Importantly, we demonstrated that there is no difference in the intracellular amount of branched-chain amino acids between LEU4 G516S /LEU4 heterozygous diploids and LEU4 G516S /LEU4 G516S homozygous diploids. The approach to increase isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate by intracellular leucine accumulation can potentially be applied to a variety of yeast strains, including aneuploid and polyploid yeasts.

Apparent diameter and cell density of yeast strains with different ploidy

“…2 ). The ploidy of each strain was confirmed in the previous studies 7 , 8 . To maintain linearity between the c and OD 600 values, the measured OD 600 values must be within the dynamic range of equipment.…”

“…Yeast strains BY4741L (haploid) 7 , BY4742L (haploid) 8 , BY4743L (diploid) 8 , BY4743-3L (triploid) 8 , and BY4743-4 8 (tetraploid) were prepared (Table 1 ) for comparison of proportionality constant k (Eq. 2 ).…”