Complete Coding Sequence of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolated from Kinmen Island, Taiwan, in 2020

Huang, Chih-Wei; Ting, Lu‐Jen; Liu, Yu-Pin; Lin, Yu‐Feng; Lee, Fan; Chiou, Chwei-Jang

doi:10.1128/mra.01204-21

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…From 2017 to 2019, unusual vaccine-like LSDV strains were detected in diseased cattle in Kazakhstan [52] and in neighbouring regions of Russia [26,27] and China [53,54]. Not much later, similar recombinant LSDV strains were found in Taiwan [35], Vietnam [34,55] and Hong Kong [32]. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the two most likely parental strains were a Neethling-like strain (major parent) and a KSGP-like strain (minor parent) [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses have shown that the LSDV strains from the 2015–2016 epidemics in south-eastern Europe, Kazakhstan and Russia are most similar to a strain isolated in Israel in 2012 [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In contrast, most of the recent LSDV strains from Russia and Asia appear to be vaccine-like recombinant strains carrying genetic signatures from both Neethling- and KSGP-based LSDV vaccines [ 26 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. It is noteworthy that while the use of homologous LSDV vaccines is not authorised in Russia, the Lumpivax vaccine (KEVEVAPI) was used in Kazakhstan shortly before the emergence of the vaccine-like strains [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recombinant LSDV Strains in Asia: Vaccine Spillover or Natural Emergence?

Vandenbussche

Mathijs

Philips

et al. 2022

Viruses

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From 2017 to 2019, several vaccine-like recombinant strains of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) were discovered in Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Russia and China. Shortly before their emergence, the authorities in Kazakhstan launched a mass vaccination campaign with the Neethling-based Lumpivax vaccine. Since none of the other countries in the affected region had used a homologous LSDV vaccine, it was soon suspected that the Lumpivax vaccine was the cause of these unusual LSDV strains. In this study, we performed a genome-wide molecular analysis to investigate the composition of two Lumpivax vaccine batches and to establish a possible link between the vaccine and the recent outbreaks. Although labelled as a pure Neethling-based LSDV vaccine, the Lumpivax vaccine appears to be a complex mixture of multiple CaPVs. Using an iterative enrichment/assembly strategy, we obtained the complete genomes of a Neethling-like LSDV vaccine strain, a KSGP-like LSDV vaccine strain and a Sudan-like GTPV strain. The same analysis also revealed the presence of several recombinant LSDV strains that were (almost) identical to the recently described vaccine-like LSDV strains. Based on their InDel/SNP signatures, the vaccine-like recombinant strains can be divided into four groups. Each group has a distinct breakpoint pattern resulting from multiple recombination events, with the number of genetic exchanges ranging from 126 to 146. The enormous divergence of the recombinant strains suggests that they arose during seed production. The recent emergence of vaccine-like LSDV strains in large parts of Asia is, therefore, most likely the result of a spillover from animals vaccinated with the Lumpivax vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant LSDV Strains in Asia: Vaccine Spillover or Natural Emergence?

Vandenbussche

Mathijs

Philips

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Historically, LSD was endemic to the African continent; however, the disease has now spread to the Middle East, Europe, and Asia ( 1 ). In 2019, LSD was first reported in Asia and the Pacific region (Bangladesh, China, and India) and then spread to affect Taiwan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Hong Kong territory ( 2 – 7 ). Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequence of an LSDV strain that was isolated from an LSDV-infected cow during the first LSDV outbreak in Thailand in 2021.…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolated during the 2021 Thailand Outbreak

Paungpin

Sariya

Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan

et al. 2022

Microbiol Resour Announc

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“…Kenyan strains have caused outbreaks in Kenya, but however never been reported in subsequent epidemics in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe (Tulman et al, 2001). Since 2017, recombinant LSDV strains have been detected in infected cattle in Russia (Sprygin et al, 2018;Sprygin et al, 2020;Shumilova et al, 2022); Krotova et al, 2022a), China (Ma et al, 2021), Hongkong (Flannery et al, 2021), Taiwan (Huang et al, 2022) and Vietnam (Mathijs et al, 2021;Tran et al, 2021). In phylogenetic analysis, recombinant strains formed four monophyletic groups R1, R2, R3, and R4 as described in section 3.3.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV) from 2019 outbreak in India reveals circulation of Kenyan-like LSDV strains with unique kelch-like proteins

Kumar

Venkatesan

Kushwaha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important poxviral disease endemic to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Recently, LSD has spread to naïve countries, including India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand. Here, we describe the complete genomic characterization of LSDV from India, LSDV-WB/IND/19 isolated from a calf in Vero cells determined by Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). The LSDV-WB/IND/19 has a genome size of 150969 bp encoding 156 putative ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequence suggested that LSDV-WB/IND/19 is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains with 10-12 variants with non-synonymous changes confined to LSD_019, LSD_049, LSD_089, LSD_094, LSD_096, LSD_140, and LSD_144 genes. In contrast, to complete kelch-like proteins in Kenyan LSDV strains, LSDV-WB/IND/19 LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes were found to encode truncated versions (019a, 019b, and 144a, 144b). LSD_019a and LSD_019b proteins of LSDV-WB/IND/19 resemble that of wild-type LSDV strains based on SNPs and the C-terminal part of LSD_019b except for deletion at K229, whereas the LSD_144a and LSD_144b proteins resemble that of Kenyan LSDV strains based on SNPs, however, C-terminal part of LSD_144a resembles that of vaccine-associated LSDV strains due to premature truncation. The NGS findings were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of these genes in Vero cell isolate as well as in the original skin scab along with similar findings in another Indian LSDV from scab specimens. LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes are thought to modulate virulence and host range in capripoxviruses. This study demonstrates the circulation of unique LSDV strains in India and highlights the importance of constant monitoring of the molecular evolution of LSDV and associated factors in the region in light of the emergence of recombinant LSDV strains.

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Complete Coding Sequence of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolated from Kinmen Island, Taiwan, in 2020

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Recombinant LSDV Strains in Asia: Vaccine Spillover or Natural Emergence?

Recombinant LSDV Strains in Asia: Vaccine Spillover or Natural Emergence?

Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolated during the 2021 Thailand Outbreak

Genomic characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV) from 2019 outbreak in India reveals circulation of Kenyan-like LSDV strains with unique kelch-like proteins

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