Complete Atrioventricular Block Associated with Lymphocytic Myocarditis of the Atrioventricular Node in Two Young Adult Dogs

Kaneshige, Tatsuo; Motomura, Noboru; Nakao, Shin-ichi; Doiguchi, Osamu; Katsuda, Shin-ichiro; Yamane, Yasuo

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.05.006

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rhythm disturbances and impairment of heart function resulting from myocarditis often show a poor reaction to cardiologic treatment and lead to the death of the patient, such as that observed in the study group and confirmed by other authors [5,6,11]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Acute myocardial inflammation in dogs is most frequently associated with various types of heart block, including 2 nd and 3 rd degree atrioventricular and sinus blocks [5,6,9]. None of the dogs in the described group demonstrated conduction blocks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the development of serologic diagnostics and the possibility of identifying markers of myocardial damage [4], the only method that enables a reliable recognition of the type of cardiac muscle inflammation is an ante mortem cardiac biopsy or a histopathologic examination performed post mortem [5,6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMyocarditis is a disease caused by numerous etiological factors and characterized by a non-specific course. The only method allowing for precise characterization of inflammatory changes is the histopathological examination of heart muscle specimens. The study was conducted on heart muscle preparations from 11 dogs with ante-mortem diagnosis of cardiac disease. Animals presented with a poor response to an applied treatment or had suspected sudden cardiac death. The heart specimens were taken post-mortem, preserved and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Subsequently, the presence and intensity of changes, i.e. inflammatory infiltration, the amount of connective tissue and features of cardiomyocyte degeneration were estimated. The specimens from dogs suspected of having a myocarditis of bacteriological etiology underwent additional bacteriological and immunohistochemical examination.ResultsThe examination revealed an inflammatory infiltration of variable intensity combined with the degenerative changes in all dogs. There were vegetative and abnormal cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in 6 dogs. A Staphylococcus aureus infection was confirmed in one dog and an acute coronary syndrome with neutrophil infiltration was revealed in another one.ConclusionsAlthough the clinical pattern in patients with myocarditis is diverse, the definitive morphological diagnosis is made based on the histopathological examination. This examination can lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of myocarditis combined with the presence of spore forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the heart specimens of dogs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13620-014-0028-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

et al. 2014

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“…Similarly, Baandrup et al [29] showed that at least five endomyocardial biopsies are necessary to establish any pathological abnormality of the right side of the inter-ventricular septum in cases of congestive cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, myocarditis or post myocarditis scarring involving the conduction system is known to cause sudden arrhythmic death [30,31]. Therefore, it is advisable to include the conduction system as well in post-mortem sections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden death related myocarditis: a study of 56 cases

Kitulwatte

Kim

Pollanen

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Fifty-six cases of sudden death from myocarditis were reviewed to characterize the range of histologic appearances of myocarditis. All autopsy cases of myocarditis over 13 years (1996-2008) in the Toronto Forensic Pathology Unit, Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, were studied. In each case, historical documentation and histological slides were reviewed. The severity of myocarditis was graded qualitatively and quantitatively (the inflammatory index). We established the inflammatory index in order to classify the severity of myocarditis, by counting the mean number of inflammatory foci per section of myocardium. Based on the inflammatory index, myocardial inflammation was classified into four grades. Based on this classification, 47% of the cases were classified as marked myocarditis having an inflammatory index over 5, with the number of foci per slide varying from 3 to more than 10, while 20% were classified as mild myocarditis with an inflammatory index between 1.1 and 1.9 with the number of foci per slide varying from 0 to 6. The diagnosis of mild myocarditis is dependent on adequate sampling. We believe that the use of this inflammatory index enhances the post-mortem diagnostic sensitivity of myocarditis, especially in its mild form and correlates with qualitative assessment of the histologic severity of myocarditis.

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“…8e13 Uemura et al 14 revealed that 6% of humans with AVB had evidence of lymphocytic myocarditis, which may initiate subsequent fibrofatty tissue replacement of the AV node. 6,15 In 17% of people with biopsy-proven myocarditis, AVB is the presenting complaint. 16 Unlike a degenerative process of the AV node, myocarditis is rarely isolated to the conduction system and simultaneously affects the surrounding myocardium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac troponin-I concentrations in dogs with bradyarrhythmias before and after artificial pacing

Trafny

Oyama

Wormser

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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Complete Atrioventricular Block Associated with Lymphocytic Myocarditis of the Atrioventricular Node in Two Young Adult Dogs

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

Sudden death related myocarditis: a study of 56 cases

Cardiac troponin-I concentrations in dogs with bradyarrhythmias before and after artificial pacing

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