Complementary HPLC-ICP-MS and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy for speciation analysis of chromium in tobacco samples

Cuello, Susana; Entwisle, John; Benning, Jocelyn; Liu, Chuan; Coburn, Steven; McAdam, Kevin; Braybrook, Julian; Goenaga‐Infante, Heidi

doi:10.1039/c5ja00442j

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Cuello et al also attempted speciation of chromium in mainstream cigarette smoke using HPLC-ICP-MS and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. 23 They reported that individual chromium oxidation states could not be determined in water leachates of the mainstream smoke TPM using HPLC-ICP-MS. TPM and chromium(III) oxide are poorly water soluble, so this was useful but not unexpected information. Cuello et al also reported that chromium(VI) was highly unstable when spiked into TPM, confirming that strongly oxidizing chromium(VI) is not stable in a reducing medium such as TPM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal Vaporization-QQQ-ICP-MS for Determination of Chromium in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particulate

Fresquez

Gonzalez-Jimenez

Gray

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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Chromium is transported in mainstream tobacco smoke at very low concentrations. However, when chromium is deposited too deeply in the lungs for mucociliary clearance, or is in a particle that is too large to pass directly through tissues, it bioaccumulates in the lungs of smokers. It is important to determine the concentrations of chromium that are transported in mainstream smoke. Several reliable studies have resulted in reports of chromium concentrations in smoke particulate that were below limits of detection for the instruments and methods employed. In this study, electrothermal vaporization-triple quad-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ETV-QQQ-ICP-MS) was chosen for determination of chromium concentrations in mainstream smoke because of the high sensitivity of ETV combined with QQQ-ICP-MS. The smoke from five reference, quality control, and commercial cigarettes was analyzed using ETV-QQQ-ICP-MS with isotope dilution for quantitative determination of chromium. The method limit of detection (LOD) was sufficiently low that chromium concentrations in mainstream smoke could indeed be determined. The chromium concentrations in the smoke particulate were between 0.60 and 1.03 ng/cigarette. The range of chromium concentrations was at or below previously reported LODs. Determination of the oxidation state of the chromium transported in mainstream smoke would also be important, in consideration of the fact that both chromium(III) and chromium(VI) oxidation states cause inhalation toxicity, but chromium(VI) is also a carcinogen. It was possible to separate the oxidation states using ETV-QQQ-ICP-MS. However, determination of individual species at the levels found in mainstream smoke particulate matter was not possible with the present method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal Vaporization-QQQ-ICP-MS for Determination of Chromium in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particulate

Fresquez

Gonzalez-Jimenez

Gray

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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“…There are no data on the extractability of other α-emitters from STPs. It is also difficult to estimate the solubility of these species in tobacco because the exact chemical forms are unknown: recent work has demonstrated that inorganic metalloids in tobacco can be present in multiple chemical states [ 49 ] and with differing solubilities [ 50 ]. Environmental studies have shown that radium is only moderately soluble in water, but is most soluble under chloride-rich reducing aqueous systems with a high total content of dissolved solids, a condition that might relate to STPs that have a high salt and water content [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive survey of radionuclides in contemporary smokeless tobacco products

McAdam

Kimpton

Porter³

et al. 2017

Chemistry Central Journal

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There is considerable interest in the chemical composition of smokeless tobacco products (STPs), owing to health concerns associated with their use. Previous studies have documented levels of 210Po, 210Pb and uranium in STP samples. Here, the levels of 13 α-particle and 15 β-radiation emitting radionuclides have been measured in a broad and representative range of contemporary STPs commercially available in the United States and Sweden. For each radionuclide, the level of radioactivity and calculated mass per gram of STP are reported. The results indicate that, among 34 Swedish snus and 44 US STPs, a more complex radionuclide content exists than previously reported for these products. Of the 28 radionuclides examined, 13 were detected and quantified in one or more STPs. The most frequently identified radionuclides in these STPs were 40K, 14C, 210Po and 226Ra. Over half the STPs also contained 228Th, and an additional 8 radionuclides were identified in a small number of STPs. The presence of 14C, 3H and 230Th are reported in tobacco for the first time. The activity of β-emitters was much greater than those of α-emitters, and the β-emitter 40K was present in the STPs with both the greatest radioactivity and mass concentrations. Since the three radionuclides included in the FDA’s HPHC list were either not detected (235U), identified in only three of 78 samples (238U), and/or had activity levels over fifty times lower than that of 40K (210Po, 238U), there may be a rationale for reconsidering the radionuclides currently included in the FDA HPHC list, particularly with respect to 40K. Using a model of the physical and biological compartments which must be considered to estimate the exposure of STP users to radionuclides, we conclude that exposure from α-emitters may be minimal to STP users, but 40K in particular may expose the oral cavities of STP users to β-radiation. Although a more comprehensive picture of the radioisotope content of STPs has emerged from this study, epidemiological evidence suggests that the levels of radionuclides measured in this study appear unlikely to present significant risks to STP users.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-017-0359-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…6 The most commonly performed analytical strategy for Cr monitoring involves two steps: (1) collection of water samples at the eld site followed by storage and transportation it to the laboratory, and (2) analysis using atomic spectrometry aer separation by one of a number of online or offline separation approaches, such as solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, cloud-point extraction, or co-precipitation. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] However, accurate speciation of Cr in natural water bodies is difficult, mainly due to matrix complexity and the instability of Cr redox species during sample collection, transport, and analysis. 15 For example, Meeravali et al 16 found that the concentration of Cr(III) increased by 135% and that of Cr(VI) decreased by 75% within 24 h when lake water samples were collected and stored at 4 C. This demonstrates that the concentrations of chemical species in particular redox states are inherently unstable in water and subject to change by re-equilibration upon reaction with other dissolved components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-site separation of Cr(vi) and Cr(iii) in natural waters by parallel cartridge ion-exchange columns

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Complementary HPLC-ICP-MS and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy for speciation analysis of chromium in tobacco samples

Abstract: This paper provides first quantitative speciation data for chromium in tobacco and tobacco smoke by using complementary HLPC-ICP-MS and XANES.

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Electrothermal Vaporization-QQQ-ICP-MS for Determination of Chromium in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particulate

Electrothermal Vaporization-QQQ-ICP-MS for Determination of Chromium in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particulate

Comprehensive survey of radionuclides in contemporary smokeless tobacco products

On-site separation of Cr(vi) and Cr(iii) in natural waters by parallel cartridge ion-exchange columns

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