Complementary effects of Mediterranean diet and moderate red wine intake on haemostatic cardiovascular risk factors

Mezzano, Diego; Leighton, Federico; Martı́nez, Constantino; Marshall, Guillermo; Cuevas, Ada; Castillo, Oscar; Panes, Olga; Muñoz, Blanca; Pérez, DD; Mizón, Claudio; Rozowski, Jaime; Martín, Alejandra San; Pereira, Jaime

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601202

Cited by 84 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Alcohol consumption, mostly beer and spirits, averaged less than 1.5 drinks=week in both study groups. Anthropometric, haematological and nutritional measurements at baseline (day 0) were outlined in a previous report (Mezzano et al, 2001). In brief, no significant differences between individuals assigned to MD or HFD treatments were detected for age, body weight, body mass index, lean weight, serum albumin, blood haemoglobin, total plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerides, plasma b-carotene, a-tocopherol, lycopene, ascorbate, serum vitamin B 12 and folate, as well as percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma fatty acids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently showed that young volunteers consuming MD had lower levels of plasma procoagulant HCVRF (fibrinogen, factor VIIc and factor VIIIc) than paired controls consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Supplementation of these diets with red wine resulted in further reduction of plasma fibrinogen and factor VIIc and increases in both tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA Ag) and plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen (PAI-1 Ag; Mezzano et al, 2001). These results indicate that the effects of MD and a moderate red wine intake on CV risk markers are independent and complementary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Analytical procedures for measurements of serum albumin, blood haemoglobin, total plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerides, plasma b-carotene, a-tocopherol, lycopene, ascorbate, serum vitamin B 12 and folate, as well as the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma fatty acids, have been described in our previous study (Mezzano et al, 2001). The forearm BT test was performed using a commercial device (Simplate II, Organon Teknika, Belgium).…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subjects and design of this intervention study have been previously described in greater detail (Mezzano et al, 2001). Forty-two healthy undergraduate or graduate university male students, aged 22 AE 3.4 y, gave their informed consent to participate in the study.…”

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 90 days, 21 volunteers received a Mediterranean-type diet and the remaining 21 a high-fat Western-type diet, as previously detailed (Mezzano et al, 2001). From day 31 through day 60, both diets were isoenergetically supplemented with 240 ml=day of red wine (cabernet sauvignon), providing 23.2 g of ethanol=day.…”

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediterranean diet, but not red wine, is associated with beneficial changes in primary haemostasis

et al. 2003

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Objective: (1) To compare the effect of an alcohol-free Mediterranean-type diet (MD) and a high-fat diet (HFD) on variables of primary haemostasis (bleeding time, plasma von Willebrand factor and platelet aggregation=secretion). (2) To test whether red wine supplementation modified these variables, independently of the diet. Design, subjects and intervention: Controlled prospective intervention study. Two groups, each consisting of 21 healthy male university students (22 AE 3.4 y), received either MD or HFD during 90 days. Between days 30 and 60, both diets were supplemented with 240 ml=day of red wine. Baseline (T0) and T30, T60 and T90-day samples were drawn. Bleeding time was measured before (day 30) and after (day 60) wine supplementation. No drop out from the study was experienced. Setting: University campus and outpatient nutrition clinic. Results: All baseline (day 0) variables did not differ significantly between study groups. On day 30, individuals on MD had significantly higher levels of plasma b-carotene, folate, ascorbate, and eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma lipid fractions, than those on HFD. Total plasma cholesterol, HDL and LDL did not change significantly in either study group at any time point. After 30 days on each diet, individuals on MD had longer bleeding time (BT) than those on HFD (7.6 AE 2.8 vs 5.8 AE 1.7 min; P ¼ 0.017). BT did not change significantly after I month of wine supplementation (7.1 AE 2.0 vs 5.5 AE 2.0 min, respectively). Plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF : Ag) on day 0 was 89 AE 40 and 111 AE 70% in MD and HFD groups, respectively (P ¼ 0.21). These values did not change significantly at 30, 60 or 90 days. MD intake was associated with an increase in platelet serotonin secretion (P ¼ 0.02) and a marginal increase in platelet aggregation after stimulation with epinephrine (P ¼ 0.07). Wine intake resulted in a marginal decrease in platelet 14 C-5-HT secretion with 4 mM ADP (P ¼ 0.07). However, both platelet aggregation and secretion were consistently increased when using collagen as agonist (1 and 2 mg=ml, P ¼ 0.01). Conclusion: The longer BT in individuals on MD, obtained independently of red wine, denotes less interaction of platelets with the vascular wall, which could be beneficial from the point of view of cardiovascular (CV) risk. This effect is not explained by changes in the measured haemostatic determinants of BT (plasma vWF, ex vivo platelet function), and might be attributed to other as yet unknown vascular factors. Moderate consumption of red wine results in a significant increase in ex vivo platelet aggregation and secretion after stimulation with collagen. This observation contradicts previous reports, although further studies are required to elucidate the influence of this finding on CV risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediterranean diet, but not red wine, is associated with beneficial changes in primary haemostasis

et al. 2003

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Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Bravata¹,

Sanders²,

Huang³

et al. 2003

JAMA

484

265

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ETWEEN 1960 AND 2000 THE prevalence of obesity among adults aged 20 years to 74 years in the United States increased from 13.4% to 30.9%. [1][2][3] An estimated 325000 deaths and between 4.3% and 5.7% of direct health care costs (approximately $39-$52 billion) are attributed to obesity annually. 1,2 Results from the 1998 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey indicate that roughly one third of US adults were trying to lose weight at that time, and another third were trying to maintain weight. 4 Recently, lowcarbohydrate diets have resurged in popularity as a means of rapid weight loss, yet their long-term efficacy and safety remain poorly understood.The first low-carbohydrate diet to have enjoyed popular success was that described by William Banting in the 1860s. 5 Banting claimed that he was never hungry and at the age of 66, in a period of a year, lost 46 of his initial 202 pounds. He wrote, "The great charms and comfort of the system are that its effects are palpable within a week of trial and creates a natural stimulus to persevere for a few weeks more." 5 While it is difficult to estimate the number of people who have followed low-carbohydrate diets, the number and popularity of articles and books from the lay press advocating their use attest to a high level of interest in and de-mand for these diets by the US public. The most popular text, written by cardiologist and long-time proponent Context Low-carbohydrate diets have been popularized without detailed evidence of their efficacy or safety. The literature has no clear consensus as to what amount of carbohydrates per day constitutes a low-carbohydrate diet. Objective To evaluate changes in weight, serum lipids, fasting serum glucose, and fasting serum insulin levels, and blood pressure among adults using low-carbohydrate diets in the outpatient setting. Data Sources We performed MEDLINE and bibliographic searches for Englishlanguage studies published between January 1, 1966, and February 15, 2003, with key words such as low carbohydrate, ketogenic, and diet. Study Selection We included articles describing adult, outpatient recipients of lowcarbohydrate diets of 4 days or more in duration and 500 kcal/d or more, and which reported both carbohydrate content and total calories consumed. Literature searches identified 2609 potentially relevant articles of low-carbohydrate diets. We included 107 articles describing 94 dietary interventions reporting data for 3268 participants; 663 participants received diets of 60 g/d or less of carbohydrates-of whom only 71 received 20 g/d or less of carbohydrates. Study variables (eg, number of participants, design of dietary evaluation), participant variables ( eg, age, sex, baseline weight, fasting serum glucose level), diet variables (eg, carbohydrate content, caloric content, duration) were abstracted from each study. Data ExtractionTwo authors independently reviewed articles meeting inclusion criteria and abstracted data onto pretested abstraction forms. Data SynthesisThe included studies were highly heterogeneous w...

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