Complement Fixation Test for Specific Antibody Detection against Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Peasant Association of Guto Gida District, East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Brucellosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases yet prevalent in Ethiopia. It is contagious and has harmful effects on free animal movement and export. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in the Loko and Uke peasant association of Guto Gida District. The goal of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 200 respondents to collect the livestock owner’s perception of this disease. Eighty (80) blood samples were collected from grazing cattle above six months of age. Serum was tested by complement fixation test (CFT) for Brucella antibody detection. Pearson chi-square is used to assess the relation of independent variables such as sex, site, and age with seroprevalence in a 95% confidence interval if P value is less than 0.05, recoded as significant. Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in the present study is 22.5%. Bovine brucellosis prevalence recorded in Uke (28.6%) was higher than that in Loko (21.2%). Again bovine brucellosis is higher in males (30.4%) than females (19.2%). There is prevalence variation among site, sex, and age which is statistically insignificant ( P value>0.05). Survey findings revealed that 52% (104/200) of respondents did not know the causes of abortion, while 48% (96/200) of them confirmed abortion in their herd and 64% (124/200) of respondents removed retained fetal membrane by themselves. Brucellosis is a contagious reproductive disease of cattle with zoonotic implications and needs to design and implement control measures aiming at preventing further spread of the disease.

Bovine Brucellosis and Its Public Health Significance in Ethiopia

“…Another cross-sectional study in the Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, has reported an animal and herd level cattle prevalence of 16.4% and 4.3%, respectively [64]. Very recent studies have also recorded a prevalence of 11.9% and 22.5% in Afar National Regional State and East Wollega, Oromia Region, respectively [14,17].…”

“…In the past decade, several bovine brucellosis serological surveys conducted in Ethiopia have shown the endemic and widespread characteristics of the disease. Between 2010 and 2021, seroprevalence studies conducted on bovine brucellosis in Ethiopia have reported prevalence rates ranging from 0.4% to 11.9% at the individual animal level [12][13][14], and 12% to 63.6% at the herd level [15][16][17]. Most previous studies have been performed in central Ethiopia on institutionally owned commercial, large and medium scale dairy farms, situated in Addis Ababa and its surrounding area [18].…”