“…Many researchers have looked at complaints against the police, but directed most attention at the characteristics and outcomes of complaints (Hudson, 1970;Box and Russell, 1975;Culver, 1975;Wagner, 1980aWagner, , 1980bGriswold, 1994) or at the administrative nature of the complaints procedure (Lustgarten, 1986;Fogel, 1987;Goldsmith, 1988;West, 1988;Terrill, 1990). With the exception of a study by Perez (1994), little attention has been given to the potential effect of complaints on police behavior.…”