Compilation of selected marine radioecological data for the US Subseabed Program: Summaries of available radioecological concentration factors and biological half-lives

Gomez, L.S.; Marietta, M.G.; Jackson, D.W.

doi:10.2172/6529448

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The radionuclides have been detected in a variety of marine species, with reported concentration factors (CF, equivalent to the concentration of a substance in an organism relative to that in water) for phytoplankton and crustaceans of about 1500 and 700 respectively (Lowman et al 1971, Coughtrey & Thorne 1983. Gomez et al (1991) reported a CF of 250 for cobalt in fish, a value which is in good agreement with that reported for stable cobalt by Pentreath (1977).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Cobalt speciation and bioavailability in marine organisms

Nolan¹,

Fowler²,

Teyssié³

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT:We describe comparative studies, using double-radiolabelling techniques, on the uptake and retention of cobalt species in a simple marine food chain which includes phytoplankton (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Chaetoceros pseudocurviseturn), mixed copepods (mainly Centropages sp.), and fish (the sea perch Serranus scnba). Retention of cobalt from the diet was also studied for the latter 2 organisms. Phytoplankton accumulated more than 60 times as much Co-cobalarnine as CoC12 from the water, and retained the metal for a significantly longer period (a retention half-time of 4.4 vs 0.6 d). Accumulation of CoC12 after ingestion of radiolabelled phytoplankton by copepods was not measurable, whereas retention of Co-cobalamine reached 42 % of the quantities ingested. Fish accumulated Co-cobalamine 21 times more rapidly from seawater than CoClz and retained ingested Co-cobalamine 20 times more efficiently (100 %) than ingested CoC12 (5 %). Two thirds of the ingested Co-cobalamine was retained in the fish with a retenhon half-time of 8 d. The remaining one third of the organic form was retained with a half-time of 54 d, a value which was not significantly different from that of CoClz (47 d). The results of other experiments indicated that the Co-cobalamine complex was stable in freshwater and in both 0.22 and 10 &m filtered seawater for at least several weeks. Potential size effects on cobalt intake in the diet are discussed, as are size effects on long-term loss rates of the metal. The application of the measured parameters in a simple biokinetic model shows that preferential accumulation of the Co-cobalamine con~plex over inorganic cobalt species In the food web could explain the cobalt concentrations measured in marine organisms.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…8). This is a typical CF value reported for CO in laboratory experiments (Harrison 1986, Gomez et al 1991. On the other hand, the model results indicate that the diet contributes about 86 "lo of the CO-cobalamine accumulated by the fish, and a n equilibrium CF of 1550 was predicted (Fig.…”

Section: Tissue Distribution Of Cobalt Species In Fishsupporting

confidence: 67%

Cobalt speciation and bioavailability in marine organisms

Nolan¹,

Fowler²,

Teyssié³

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…An essential component of any such system is a robust method for deriving radionuclide activity concentrations in the main compartments of an ecosystem. With respect to the biological components of the ecosystem, commonly used methods involve the use of concentration factors (see Harrison, 1986;Gomez et al, 1991), CFs, which can be simply defined as the quotient of the activity concentration of a selected radionuclide in biota (normally Bq kg ÿ1 f.w.) and the activity concentration in water (normally Bq l ÿ1 filtered).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic biokinetic modelling of radiocaesium uptake in Arctic seal species: verification of modelled data with empirical observations

Brown

Dowdall

Gwynn

et al. 2006

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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The necessity to provide information about radionuclide concentrations in Arctic marine species has been heightened in recent years due to a number of accidents in Arctic regions involving nuclear vessels and the presence of a large number of potential radioactive contamination sources. The provision for such information is largely dependant on the use of radionuclide uptake and transfer models. The uptake of radionuclides in Arctic seal species in this study has been modelled using a probabilistic biokinetic approach. In this paper, model results are compared with empirical data from relevant samples taken within the Arctic region. Results indicate that the model performs well when estimating concentrations of 137 Cs in two seal species for both median values and reproduction of the distribution of data values, but not as well for a third seal species. Likely factors affecting the results are the probability density functions used for the input parameters.

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“…They have calculated values from analyses of stable and radioactive nuclides in field samples, have assessed them in laboratory experiments, and have determined wide ranges in BCFs for some organisms (Jackson et al, 1983;, Gomez et al, 1991Radioactive Waste Management Center, 1996). A number of factors may contribute to the large variability in BCF values for the same group of organisms .…”

Section: Definition Of Bioconcentration Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews of BCFs (Jackson et al, 1983;Gomez et al, 1991;RWMC, 1996), have demonstrated that BCF values are highly variable and that they usually fit log normal probability distributions rather than normal distributions. As a means of characterizing this variability, the RAIG has prepared log probability plots of the BCF values for 137Cs in fish and birds (Tables 4-4 and 4-5), and for 90Sr in fish (Table 4- 4).…”

Section: Variabilities In Bioconcentration Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

Layton¹,

Edson²,

Varela³

et al. 1999

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PREFACEn 1993, radioactive waste-management practices of the former Soviet Union (FSU) came un-I, der increasing international scrutiny after Russian scientists disclosed dumped-nuclear-waste ites in the Kara and Barents seas that contravened the London Convention ban on radioactive waste disposal at sea. The U.S. response was to fund the Office of Naval Research Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program (ANWAP) to (1) quantify the types, amounts, and rates of release of radionuclides from marine disposal sites and Russian riverine sources leading to Arctic waters; (2) evaluate the transport pathways and ultimate fate of the radionuclide contaminants; and (3) identify any long-term monitoring strategies as needed. ANWAP began funding basic physical, geochemical, and biological oceanographic research in the Arctic in 1993.By early 1995 the second year of ANWAP research was well under way and planning for the final ANWAP funding cycle emphasized the need to better coordinate and integrate the activities and results of the 85 research projects into a risk-assessment framework. The goal: to use data sets in a rigorous evaluation process to make dose estimates for potential human and ecological impacts, particularly in Alaska, from the nuclear wastes the FSU had dumped in the Arctic. A Risk Assessment Integration Group (RAIG) was formed to conduct the assessment. The RAIG recognized at the outset of this risk-assessment phase that the risk analysis would have to depend on available ANWAP data and other published data sets, and that ongoing research would continue to generate new data even after the data cutoff point for timely preparation of the risk assessment. The RAIG has established an evaluation framework that, through an ongoing iterative process, can be enhanced as new information becomes available.The risk assessment follows a traditional, internationally accepted radiological risk-assessment process. It uses models to make predictions, but also incorporates actual field measurements and laboratory data obtained from ANWAP scientists and the broader national and international scientific community. The risk-assessment team involved key scientists from Alaska (Douglas Dasher, Department of Environmental Conservation, and Todd O'Hara, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (David Layton, Mark Mount, Florence Harrison, and John Knezovich); Sandia National Laboratories (Rip Anderson, Mel Marietta, Leo Gomez, and Palmer Vaughn); Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (William Templeton and Bruce Napier); and the Office of Naval Research (Marilyn Varela). This integrating team (the RAIG) identified discrete areas of focus and authorship for various components of the risk assessment; in the preparation of this report, the team relied upon the input of key ANWAP Principal Investigators, some of whose information was timely enough for use, and some not. Each section of the report identifies the authors. Although inputs from Russian contributors were instrumental in...

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Compilation of selected marine radioecological data for the US Subseabed Program: Summaries of available radioecological concentration factors and biological half-lives

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Cobalt speciation and bioavailability in marine organisms

Cobalt speciation and bioavailability in marine organisms

Probabilistic biokinetic modelling of radiocaesium uptake in Arctic seal species: verification of modelled data with empirical observations

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

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