Compilation of processing factors and evaluation of quality controlled data of food processing studies

Abstract

Often, agricultural commodities are not eaten raw but undergo processing operations prior to human consumption. These may significantly affect the residue levels of pesticides contained therein and/or thereon. Due to the physico-chemical properties of the residue, its concentration may decrease or increase in processed fractions compared to the initial concentration in the raw agricultural commodity (RAC). The resulting ratio between processed fraction and RAC is denoted as processing factor (Pf). Information obtained from processing studies may serve for 2 different purposes: to decide on compliance of residues in processed products with legal standards for the RAC, and to refine dietary exposure estimation of humans and livestock with respect to residues in processed products. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) extracted and compiled the results of several processing studies, the full reports of which had been made available to BfR in the framework of applications either for pesticide authorisation, for the setting of maximum residue levels (MRL), or within the EU active substances approval programme. Each Pf derived from processing studies was reviewed against transparent quality criteria and statements have been made regarding the robustness and reliability of the study results. Compared to the former version, the revised BfR database includes a more extended, more detailed and more trustworthy compilation of more than 6500 processing factors accompanied by relevant information on key parameters of the underlying processing studies.

Pesticides in feed materials of plant origin : Application of processing factors

“…70 BfR has compiled PFs for a variety of pesticides in a database, which is supported by a background document. 71 A description of the compilation has been published by Scholz et al (2017). 72 The stated objectives of the compilation are: As with the RIVM list, the BfR list consists of an Excel database that lists various products from • reports on the assessment of residues of pesticide active substances published annually by JMPR;…”

“…Available online at: https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/bfr-datacollection-on-processing-factors.pdf (last accessed on 1 October 2019). 72 Scholz, R., Herrmann, M., & Michalski, B. (2017).…”

“…No such interpretations were done for the BfR list: only parameters published in literature were used, as well as an assessment of the acceptability of cited studies. According to Scholz et al (2017), the actual processing studies have been reviewed for the current version of the list. 98 Finally, the FEDIOL approach does not link specific PFs to commodity/pesticide combinations but it is of a more general nature.…”

Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos Volume 1

“…Whether RAC are contaminated with pesticides, cooking may alter and degrade the chemical structure of these analytes, so, in order to evaluate in detail the hazardous effects of pesticides on human health to analyze cooked foodstuffs is reasonable of sample (Park et al, 2011; Martin et al, 2013), because the level and nature of contaminants in food may be changed during processing (Li et al, 2015). According toHuan et al, (2015) thermal processing can concentrate residues or convert them to more toxic metabolites, also, the effect of food processing on residue levels depends on the commodity and on the physicochemical properties of the specific pesticide(Scholz, Herrmann, & Michalski, 2017;Burchat et al, 1998).…”

Elma ve işlenmiş ürünlerinde imidacloprid ve indoxacarb kalıntılarının belirlenmesi

“…Pestisit kalıntılarında maksimum kalıntı limitleri (MRL) ham ürünler için düzenlenmiştir. Mevcut Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve Kodeks düzenlemelerinde, işlenmiş ürünlerde MRL yoktur (Scholz et al 2017). Ancak İf 1'den küçük ise, ham üründe geçerli olan MRL işlenmiş ürüne uygulanır (Martin et al 2013, Arpad Ambrus, Kişisel Konuşma, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary, Emekli, 27.04.2018.…”