Competitiveness of agrarian trade of EU-15 countries in comparison with new EU member states

Abstract

569Trade is historically the oldest and still an important part of the external economic relationships. its impact on the economic development of individual countries has deepened considerably over the whole period since the WW2; the international trade development belongs among the most dynamic elements of the development of the world economy in recent decades (Jeníček and Krepl 2009 Abstract: The paper analyses the commodity structure of agrarian trade of the EU countries. The comparative advantages of particular aggregations are accentuated from the view-point of their use on the EU internal market, and on the world market. The analysis is based on an evaluation of comparative advantages by means of a modified Ballas index. it is viewed on two levels, for the EU internal market and the world market. The results of the analysis are shown in a chart. Subsequently, the authors implement an idea arising from a Bcg (Boston consulting group) matrix on the results of a graphical representation. The aim is to point out mainly those aggregations (SiTc, rev. 3) which are, or have a potential to be, a pillar of agri-business, and vice versa to show the aggregations which are non-prospective in the long term, or problematic. The analysis is performed on two levels to utilise differences in the commodity structure of agrarian trade in both the cases of the old (EU-15) and the new EU member states (EU-12) (the member states which enlarged the EU in 2004 and 2007). From the results of the analysis, the significant changes are apparent if we compare commodity structures of trade of the countries of the EU-15 and EU-12.Key words: competitiveness, Lafay, Ballasa, index, revealed comparative advantage, agrarian trade, European Union Abstrakt: Článek analyzuje komoditní strukturu agrárního obchodu zemí EU. Důraz je kladen na komparativní výhody jednotlivých agregací z hlediska jejich uplatnění na vnitřním trhu EU a na trhu světovém. Analýza je založena na hodnocení komparativních výhod prostřednictvím modifikovaného Ballasova indexu. Ten je zpracován ve dvou rovinách a to pro vnitř-ní trh EU a trh světový. Výsledky analýzy jsou pak znázorněny graficky. na výsledky grafického zobrazení pak autoři implementují myšlenku vycházející z matice Bcg (Boston consulting group matrix). cílem je poukázat, zejména na ty z agregací (SiTc, rev.3), které jsou, a nebo mají potenciál být pilířem agroobchodu a naopak poukázat na ty z agregací, které jsou dlouhodobě neperspektivní, či problematické. Analýza je zpracována ve dvou rovinách, a to tak, aby byly postihnuty rozdíly v komoditní struktuře agrárního obchodu jak v případě starých (EU-15), tak i v případě nových členských států EU-12 (členské státy, které rozšířily EU v letech 2004 a 2007). z výsledků analýzy jsou pak zřetelné i změny, které existují, pokud porovnáme komoditní struktury obchodu zemí EU-15 a EU-12.Klíčová slova: konkurenceschopnost, Lafay, Ballasa, index, zjevná komparativní výhoda, agrární obchod, Evropská Unie Supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports cr (Proj...

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