Competitiveness and Efficiency for the Rubber Tree Production System in Southern Bahia (Brazil) Through by the Policy Analysis Matrix (Pam)

Abstract

The objective of this survey was to analyze the competitiveness and economic efficiency of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) production system in the southern of Bahia, through by the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The analysis was divided into four categories: profitability analysis; efficiency analysis; protection analysis; and net transfer of policies. The results it possible to affirm that rubber tree production system is a profitable and competitive activity, in the long term, from a private and social point of view. However, the results point out that producers are penalized for the presence of political measures, which focus on product price and productive inputs. In the sensitivity analysis, it was observed that the indicators are sensitive to the fluctuations in the exchange rate and the social income, thus the changes in the price of natural rubber have a strong impact on determining the competitiveness of this productive system.RESUMO -A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a competitividade e a eficiência econômica do sistema de produção da seringueira, no Sul do estado da Bahia, pela Matriz de Análise de Políticas (MAP). A análise foi dividida em quatro categorias: análise de lucratividade; análise de eficiência; análise de proteção e transferência líquida de políticas. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a heveicultura é uma atividade lucrativa e competitiva, a longo prazo, do ponto de vista privado e social. Todavia, os resultados apontam que os produtores são penalizados pela presença de medidas políticas incidentes sobre o preço do produto e insumos produtivos. A análise de sensibilidade, permitiu observar sensibilidade dos indicadores às oscilações na taxa de câmbio e receitas sociais. Assim, mudanças no preço da borracha natural têm forte impacto na determinação da competitividade deste sistema produtivo.Palavras-Chave: Competitividade; Custo de produção; Análise de risco. Revista Árvore. 2018;42(6):e420606 SOARES NS et al.

Comparative and competitive advantages of nutmeg farming in two regions in Maluku Province, Indonesia

“…The difference between calculations based on private prices and social prices indicates the impact of policies received by nutmeg farmers. Mobasser et al (2012) states that the PAM matrix consists of two equations, that is, the matrix of the first row shows income, costs and benefits on the basis of private prices and the matrix of the second row calculates the same amount from the first row on the basis of shadow prices (social prices) (Winarno et al, 2018;Santana et al, 2018).…”

“…From the PAM table (Table 1), competitiveness (i.e. comparative advantage and competitive advantage) can be measured nutmeg farming from several indicators (Santana et al, 2018):…”

“…Table 5 also shows that the social price of nutmeg farming is higher than the private price, suggesting that the prices applied in both the Banda Islands region and Ambon Island region are below international prices. There are policy distortions that do not protect producers, thus directly affecting farm profits (Santana et al 2018). Based on differences in private prices and social prices obtained indicate a policy distortion that does not protect producers.…”

“…The success of a business/farm can be seen from the benefits obtained or often also referred to as the economic performance of a business (Farah and Ramos, 2014;Ouakli et al 2018). Empirical construction of PAM consists of the private and social value of income (price multiplied by the amount produced), production costs/inputs (the number of domestic/non-tradable inputs and tradable inputs) and profits (the difference between income and costs) (Santana et al, 2018).…”

“…Such competitiveness can be seen from competitive and comparative advantages. Competitive advantage shows the efficient use of domestic production factors in providing value-added products in the domestic market as measured by the value of the Private Cost Ratio (PCR) (Santana et al 2018). Comparative advantage is used to measure the efficiency of using domestic production factors in generating additional foreign exchange (if including export products) or saving foreign exchange (if including imported products) measured by the value of the Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR) (Winarno et al 2018;Santana et al 2018).…”