Competitive Release in Diets of Ocelot (Leopardus Pardalis) and Puma (Puma Concolor) After Jaguar (Panthera Onca) Decline

Moreno, Ricardo; Kays, Roland; Samudio, Rafael

doi:10.1644/05-mamm-a-360r2.1

Cited by 193 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Leopardus pardalis is 2 to 3 times larger than L. wiedii (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002;Wilson and Mittermeier 2009), and shows plasticity in habitat use and feeding habits (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002;de Oliveira et al 2010). L. pardalis is relatively common and its habitat use, diet, and activity pattern overlaps with those of other felids such as Puma concolor (Cougar) and Panthera onca (Jaguar; Moreno et al 2006;Di Bitetti et al 2010;Davis et al 2011; but see Gómez-Ortiz et al 2015). Some studies indicate that L. pardalis exerts a strong influence on other smaller felids in the Neotropic (de Oliveira et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density and activity pattern of Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus pardalis in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico

Pérez-Irineo

Santos‐Moreno

Hernández‐Sánchez

2017

Therya

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The margay, Leopardus wiedii, and the ocelot, L. pardalis, are sympatric species through their distribution areas. Some studies indicate that L. pardalis exerts a strong influence on other smaller felids. Our goal in this study was to estimate the density and activity patterns of these felid species in two vegetation types at Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, southwestern Mexico. We expected that L. pardalis had a high density relative to other felids due to its ecological plasticity, as well as segregation in the activity pattern between species. We placed camera traps in 22 sites in the semi-evergreen forest and 22 sites in the cloud forest, from July 2014 to June 2015. We estimated density using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber probabilistic model with the program MARK and assessed the degree of activity overlapping between species by the coefficient of overlapping Δ 1 in the program R. We recorded low abundance of L. pardalis (8.3 individuals) and a higher abundance of L. wiedii (51.5 individuals). The density of both species was 7.8 individuals /100 km 2 and 81 individuals/100 km 2 , respectively. Both species displayed predominantly nocturnal activity. The overlap coefficient between species in the semi-evergreen forest was high (Δ 1 = 0.75, CI = 0.63-0.90). Factors such as differences in vegetation type and the presence of a large number of transient individuals may influence the density of Leopardus. The lower density of L. pardalis and the high conservation status of the cloud forest may contribute to the higher density of L. wiedii in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca. Our results suggested that both species showed a highly overlapping activity pattern, and the activity pattern of the margay is seemingly unaffected by the presence of the ocelot. We provided information about density and activity of medium-sized felids, as well as on the factors that may potentially affect these patterns in mountain tropical forests.El margay Leopardus wiedii y el ocelote L. pardalis son simpátricos a través de sus distribuciones. Algunos estudios indican que L. pardalis ejerce una influencia fuerte en otros felinos más pequeños. Nuestro objetivo fue estimar la densidad y el patrón de actividad de estos felinos en dos tipos de vegetación en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, en el Sureste de México. Esperábamos que L. pardalis presentara una densidad alta en comparación con otros félidos, debido a su plasticidad ecológica y también, esperábamos una segregación en el patrón de actividad entre especies. Ubicamos 22 sitios con trampas cámara en la selva mediana y 22 sitios en el bosque mesófilo de julio 2014 a junio 2015. Estimamos la densidad usando el modelo probabilístico de Cormack-Jolly-Seber con el programa MARK y evaluamos el grado de sobreposición de la actividad entre especies por medio del coeficiente de sobreposición Δ 1 en el programa R. Registramos una abundancia poblacional baja de L. pardalis (8.3 individuos) y una mayor de L. wiedii (51.5 individuos). La densidad poblacional de ambas especies fue 7.8 individuos/100 km 2 y 81 individuos/100 km 2...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density and activity pattern of Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus pardalis in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico

Pérez-Irineo

Santos‐Moreno

Hernández‐Sánchez

2017

Therya

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“…We divided the species into two classes based on prey weight consumption: medium-(typically weighing o 1 kg) and large (mostly 1 to 10 kg) (Konecny 1989, Costa et al 2004, Gatti et al 2006, Moreno et al 2006, Azevedo & Murray 2007. To assess the frequency of type I or type II errors in the interviews, local informants were asked to identify which species were present in the patch from a selection of mammal pictures, including species known not to occur in the study area as a negative control.…”

Section: Sampling Methods and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragment edge and isolation affect the food web: effects on the strength of interactions among trophic guilds

et al. 2016

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Fragment edge and isolation affect the food web: effects on the strength of interactions among trophic guilds. Biota Neotropica. 16(2): e20150088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611- BN-2015-0088 Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation are processes that may affect communities by changing species interactions. These changes occur because the strength of linkages between species is not exclusively dependent on predator and prey traits. Species interaction changes also depend on the spatial context in which they take place. We used structural equation modelling to evaluate effects of these processes at patch-scale on top-down and bottom-up controls in food webs in Atlantic Forest. The model was composed of multiple species, and trophic guilds responded differently to fragment edge and isolation. Changes in bottom-up and top-down controls were mainly related to intermediate predator interactions. Efforts to restore connectivity among fragments should help recover the equilibrium of the trophic interactions by benefiting intermediate predators.Keywords: Atlantic Forest; bird; Brazil; connectivity; landscape; mammal; patch-scale; patch size; predator-prey interaction; trophic cascade.MELO, M.M., SILVA, C.M., BARBOSA, C.S., MORAIS, M.C., D'ANUNCIAC¸Ã O, P.E.R., SILVA, V.X., HASUI, E. Borda e isolamento dos fragmentos afetam a cadeia alimentar: efeitos sobre a forc¸a de interac¸ão entre guildas tróficas. Biota Neotropica. 16(2): e20150088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN- 2015-0088Resumo: A perda e fragmentac¸ã o de habitats podem afetar as comunidades através das mudanc¸as nas interac¸õ es entre espécies. Isso ocorre porque a forc¸a das ligac¸õ es entre espécies nã o depende exclusivamente das características das espécies envolvidas, mas mudam dependendo do contexto espacial em que elas ocorrem. Usamos modelagem de equac¸õ es estruturais para avaliar efeitos destes processos sobre o controle top-down e bottom-up nas teias alimentares em Mata Atlâ ntica, na escala das manchas de habitats. O modelo foi composto com vá rias espécies. As guildas tró ficas responderam de forma diferente ao efeito do isolamento e da borda dos fragmentos. Mudanc¸as nos controles bottom-up e topdown foram principalmente relacionadas com as interac¸õ es envolvendo os predadores intermediá rios. Esforc¸os para restaurar a conectividade entre os fragmentos devem ajudar na recuperac¸ã o do equilíbrio das relac¸õ es tró ficas, beneficiando predadores intermediá rios.

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“…Em 2013, presas de grande porte apresentaram influência positiva sobre a ocupação da área pelo predador de topo, indicando encontros entre eles, o que pode levar à predação. Quando P. onca não ocorre em determinado local, P. concolor pode passar a alimentar-se de presas maiores, como P. tajacu (MORENO et al, 2006). Possivelmente, essa pode ser uma das causas da diminuição da abundância dessas presas no segundo ano, no qual passaram a não influenciar mais a ocupação dos pontos pelo predador.…”

Section: Abundânciaunclassified

“…Talvez isso tenha relação com o fato de C. paca, potencial presa deste predador (MORENO et al, 2006), ter sido detectada apenas em 2014. Este dado pode sugerir que a preferência alimentar tem maior relação com qualidade do que quantidade, pois a abundância deste grupo era maior no primeiro ano, quando não influenciou a ocupação dos pontos pelo predador, tendo sido a única influência no ano seguinte.…”

Section: Abundânciaunclassified

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Influência do ambiente e relações predador-presa em uma comunidade de mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte em Floresta Ombrófila Densa

Alves¹,

Ferraz²

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Competitive Release in Diets of Ocelot (Leopardus Pardalis) and Puma (Puma Concolor) After Jaguar (Panthera Onca) Decline

Cited by 193 publications

References 25 publications

Density and activity pattern of Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus pardalis in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico

Density and activity pattern of Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus pardalis in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico

Fragment edge and isolation affect the food web: effects on the strength of interactions among trophic guilds

Influência do ambiente e relações predador-presa em uma comunidade de mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte em Floresta Ombrófila Densa

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