Competition or cooperation? Ports’ strategies and welfare analysis facing shipping alliances

Zheng, Shiyuan; Luo, Meifeng

doi:10.1016/j.tre.2021.102429

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Wang and Meng (2019) studied the optimal pricing problem of terminal enterprises under the influence of congestion. Zheng and Luo (2021) constructed vertical and horizontal integration models of the shipping market, considering the impacts of transportation economies of scale and service substitution competition. Minimal studies consider the game relationship between different carriers and multimodal service providers.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects and conflicts of co-opetition in a rail-water multimodal transport system

Liu

Wan

2023

Ann Oper Res

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This study investigates a rail-water multimodal transport system composed of a railway company, a liner company, and an emerging multi-modal operator. Based on the co-opetition game, we discuss decision strategy preference and conflict from a multi-stakeholder perspective to optimize individual profit and system efficiency. It is found that although the invasion of multi-modal operators into the market poses a threat to competition, their service effort directly affects the market demand and promotes the profits of each carrier. The free-riding and market expansion effects triggered by service effort interact with each other. However, multi-modal operators can cope with the negative impact of the free-riding effect through the service strategy and promote system efficiency optimization. Specifically, discussing each carrier's decision-making preferences for maximizing profits, we find that the multi-modal operators' strategy can achieve the Pareto optimal of triple-win, and the system efficiency is also optimal simultaneously.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects and conflicts of co-opetition in a rail-water multimodal transport system

Liu

Wan

2023

Ann Oper Res

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“…Cheng and Ding (2021) examined the CSR decisions of SCs from a dynamic perspective by exploratory study with the competition and cooperation of a general product supply chain and a CSR product supply chain. Zheng and Luo (2021) established a dynamic game model to illustrate how the bargaining power of shipping alliances affects strategies of ports. It is found that if the market competition is strongly intense under the shipping alliance, horizontal cooperation is the best choice for ports.…”

Section: The Competition and Cooperation Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A game between green and non-green supply chains considering two-way government intervention and manufacturer competition

Shang

Wang

Xia

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Enterprise competition has been transformed into chain-to-chain competition, and green development is imperative under the promotion of policies. Horizontal cooperation between green and non-green manufacturers provides a new direction for the supply chain to improve its core competitiveness. This paper develops competition and cooperation models between two manufacturers for the green and non-green supply chain under two-way government intervention to explore the impact of manufacturers’ horizontal cooperation on decisions and profits of supply chain members. In particular, for a situation without cooperation, we consider a Stackelberg game between two manufacturers. Model solutions and numerical analysis have shown that: 1) Cooperation among manufacturers can not only improve their own profits, but also strengthen environmental welfare. However, cooperation will damage consumer surplus. 2) When consumers are more sensitive to product prices, manufacturers’ cooperative behavior is not conducive to retailers, but with the improvement of consumer environmental awareness, retailers will gradually support their upstream cooperation. 3) Under the simultaneous implementation of government subsidy and punishment strategies, whether green consumption can be promoted is related to the adjustment factor of government subsidies, while the relationship between the green level floor for subsidy and product greenness is affected by the adjustment factor of subsidies and manufacturers’ cooperation. 4) The impacts of fierce price competition and green level competition on supply chain members are opposite; when the price competition is moderate or the green level competition is weak, the manufacturers’ cooperation is also beneficial to the improvement of retailers’ profits. This provides ideas for the development of green supply chain, and provides a reference for the implementation of two-way government intervention policy.

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“…Actually, those two contrasting effects are key ingredients of our analysis, where: (i) upstream firms’ shares owned by downstream operators are given, and (ii) the strategic linkage between integrated companies is proportional to shareholdings. Yet, since we are interested in looking at the impact of controlling shares on total throughput and on incentives for horizontal mergers in the liner shipping industry, the second contribution of this paper is devoted to the vertical and horizontal integrations in the maritime sector, as a persistent process which has taken place in the last years (e.g., Crotti et al 2020 ; Zheng and Luo 2021 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the impact of demand shocks on the container port industry

2022

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The Covid-19 pandemic has severely impacted the world economy, generating an unprecedented shock that pushed carriers to adapt to the collapse of demand. Most of the related adaptation actions (e.g., blank sailings) appear as temporary initiatives being insufficient to reach a long run equilibrium. Moreover, while carriers managed to adjust their own supplied capacity to the ongoing crisis, the port sector has been greatly impacted by the fall in transport demand, not being able to counteract the demand shortages as effectively as the carriers. Against this backdrop, the paper introduces a model for assessing the effects of demand shocks (e.g., due to the pandemic) on the integration strategies of carriers. We focus on the possible initiatives that demand shocks may trigger on the horizontal and vertical integration among the actors of the shipping industry. In doing so, the present study provides useful insights for better understanding potential future market modifications and their impact on social welfare. Using non-cooperative games, profit-maximising strategies, in case of such integrations, are compared in order to study how carriers and terminal operators might react to demand shocks in the medium and long run.

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Competition or cooperation? Ports’ strategies and welfare analysis facing shipping alliances

Cited by 44 publications

References 39 publications

The effects and conflicts of co-opetition in a rail-water multimodal transport system

The effects and conflicts of co-opetition in a rail-water multimodal transport system

A game between green and non-green supply chains considering two-way government intervention and manufacturer competition

Understanding the impact of demand shocks on the container port industry

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