Competition of Florida Beggarweed and Sicklepod with Peanuts I. Effects of Periods of Weed-free Maintenance or Weed Competition

Hauser, E. W.; Buchanan, G. A.; Ethredge, W. J.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500062688

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A cursory observation of the plant on the field reveals that it is fast-growing, deep-rooting and forms a close canopy cover, which are the attributes needed by a fallow plant to recycle nutrients from the subsoil and suppress the growth of noxious weeds (Holt, 1995). Hauser et al (1975) reported rapid biomass accumulation and dense canopy cover in sicklepod. Working in an area dominated by sicklepod in Southwestern Nigeria, Awodoyin and Ogunyemi (2003a) reported that in the early growing season the plant constituted 23% of the flora in a community, but accounted for about 81% of the flora in the late growing season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive ability of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) in combination with Chomolaena odorata (L) K & R and Euporbia heterophylla L.

Awodoyin

Ogunyemi

2010

Trop Agric Res & Ext

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The natural fallow through which the fertility of tropical soils is restored and the weed pressure is alleviated can no longer be sustained. However, improved bush fallow using fast-growing, deep-rooting and good biomass-accumulating shrubby legumes provides a good alternative. The suitability of Senna obtusifolia in improved fallow management was investigated by studying its competitive ability relative to Chromolaena odorata (siam weed) and Euphorbia heterophylla (poinsettia weed) in replacement series studies at four total densities (29, 58, 115 and 230 plants m-2) in pure stands and at three total densities (58, 115 and 230 plants m-2) in equiproportion mixture. Replacement series diagrams were drawn and relative competitive ability indices (Relative Yield, RY; Relative Yield Total, RYT; Relative Replacement Rate, RRR) were determined from the plant dry weight (PDW). In the replacement series diagrams of Senna/Chromolaena combination, the curves of the PDW/pot and those of the RY were convex for the two species. The RY values were 0.64±0.12 and 0.59±0.05 for S. obtusifolia and C. odorata respectively. The RYT and RRR, averaged over all densities, were 1.23±0.08 and 1.27±0.17 respectively. However, in the Senna/Euphorbia combination, the curves were convex for S. obtusifolia and concave for E. heterophylla. The RY values were 0.81±0.06 for S. obtusifolia and 0.23±0.05 for E. heterophylla respectively. The RYT and RRR values for the combination were 1.05±0.07 and 11.07±2.40 respectively. The results indicated that though S. obtusifolia and C. odorata attained equilibrium growth with RYT significantly deviated from unity (RYT>1) when grown in mixture, S. obtusifolia exerted greater replacement pressure than C. odorata. Conversely, in the Senna/Euphorbia combination, there was a competitive relationship (RYT»1) in which S. obtusifolia was the aggressor and E. heterophylla the subordinate species. The study showed that while S. obtusifolia exhibited obvious competitive superiority in mixture with E. heterophylla, the superiority was less obvious in mixture with C. odorata.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive ability of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) in combination with Chomolaena odorata (L) K & R and Euporbia heterophylla L.

Awodoyin

Ogunyemi

2010

Trop Agric Res & Ext

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“…Sicklepod is a non-nodulating leguminous weed of increasing economic importance in soybean-, cotton-, and peanut-producing areas of the southeastern U.S. (BUCHANAN and BURNS 1971, GOSSETT 1981, HAUSER et al 1975. Effective control of this weed currently requires a combination of chemical, mechanical, and cultural methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alternaria cassiae Alters Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Hoagland¹

1990

Journal of Phytopathology

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Phenylpropanoid metabolism has been implicated in plant defence mechanism(s) against pathogen attack. In this study, phenylpropanoid metabolism was examined over a 72 h time course in the weed sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoiia) in relation to pathogenic effects of the fungus Ahemima cassiae. When 3-to 4-week old seedlings were challenged by the pathogen, extractable phenylaianine ammonia-lyase (PAL, E.C. 4.3.1.5) activity was dramatically increased above that in uninfected plants several hours after inoculation and exposure to dew. Greatest increases of enzyme activity (3fold, specific activity basis) occurred at ca 15-23 h after treatment with fungal spores. After this peak of activity, PAL activity declined with time in infected tissue, but remained greater than in uninfected plants through 65 h after treatment. Total methanol-solubie hydroxyphenolic compound levels (PAL products) were higher in shoots (stems and leaves) of infected plants at 48-72 h. Leaves contained a higher concentration (per gram fresh weight) of hydroxyphenolic compounds than did stems, and infected leaves exhibited a phenolic content greater than that of uninfected leaves at ca 27-72 h. Increased soluble phenolic compound production correlated with the appearance of lesions and necrotic spots on leaves and stems. UV irradiation examination and spectrofluorometric analysis of thin layer chromatographic separations of methanolic extracts revealed a substantial increase of several components in infected tissue 48 h after inoculation. Results support the view that PAL activity increases correlate with increased phenolic compound production in this host/pathogen interaction.

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“…There are many factors, such as herbicide use, irrigation, and tillage practices that can influence weed populations. Because of this, producers must make sound decisions about weed control during the entire growing season (Hill and Santelmann, 1969;Hauser et al, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Postemergence Paraquat Tank-Mixtures

Eason

Tubbs

Grey³

et al. 2019

Peanut Science

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Paraquat postemergence (POST) applied is often used to control broadleaf and grass weed species in peanut in the Southeast US. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of POST herbicide tank-mixtures including paraquat on vegetation, yield, and grade for runner-type peanut cultivars under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two separate experiments (irrigated and non-irrigated) were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Ty Ty and Plains Georgia. Georgia-06G, Georgia-14N, TUFRunnere '511', and FloRune '157' cultivars were evaluated. Herbicide tank-mixtures included paraquat, paraquat plus acifluorfen plus bentazon, paraquat plus acifluorfen plus bentazon plus S-metolachlor, and paraquat plus acifluorfen plus bentazon plus acetochlor. Leaf burn, stunting injury, yield, and grade were evaluated. There were no interactions between herbicide and cultivar for all variables. Paraquat alone resulted in significantly greater foliar injury (3 DAT) than the other herbicide treatments for the irrigated (34 to 16%) and non-irrigated (28 to 15%) studies. Stunting for paraquat alone was noted at 15 and 35% for irrigated and non-irrigated, respectively. Similarly, in both studies, Georgia-06G and TUFRunnere '511' yielded 10 to 12% greater than Georgia-14N and FloRune '157'. Overall, the herbicide tank-mixtures did not have a negative effect on yield. With no interactions observed, these herbicide treatments can be used in conjunction with the given runner-type peanut cultivars in either irrigated or non-irrigated conditions without concern for excessive injury or decline in yield or grade.

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Competition of Florida Beggarweed and Sicklepod with Peanuts I. Effects of Periods of Weed-free Maintenance or Weed Competition

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Competitive ability of Sicklepod (<i>Senna obtusifolia</i>) in combination with <i>Chomolaena odorata</i> (L) K & R and <i>Euporbia heterophylla</i> L.

Competitive ability of Sicklepod (<i>Senna obtusifolia</i>) in combination with <i>Chomolaena odorata</i> (L) K & R and <i>Euporbia heterophylla</i> L.

Alternaria cassiae Alters Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Postemergence Paraquat Tank-Mixtures

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